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<p>This study investigates the development of sustainable, multifunctional vinyl ester composites by incorporating <i>Calamusthwaitesii</i> stem fibers, copper nanoparticles, and biocarbon fillers to enhance mechanical, dielectric, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties. Among the formulations, MPB3, containing 40 vol% fiber and 3 vol% biocarbon, demonstrated superior mechanical performance, exhibiting high tensile, flexural, and impact strength, along with notable hardness, due to strong fiber-matrix adhesion and uniform filler dispersion that effectively improved stress transfer and crack resistance. In dielectric characterization, MPC5, reinforced with 40 vol% fiber and 5 vol% copper nanoparticles, achieved the highest permittivity and dielectric loss, attributed to enhanced interfacial polarization and dipolar relaxation arising from the conductive nanoparticle network. For EMI shielding, MPC3, with 40 vol% fiber and 3 vol% copper, delivered the maximum total shielding effectiveness at 18&#xa0;GHz, driven by efficient absorption and reflection facilitated by well-distributed conductive pathways. SEM analysis corroborated these findings, revealing smooth surfaces in neat composites, fiber breakage in reinforced systems, uniform filler dispersion in high-performing samples, and slight agglomeration in lower-performing ones. Overall, the results demonstrate that integrating natural fibers with functional nanofillers can produce environmentally friendly composites with tunable mechanical, dielectric, and EMI shielding capabilities, highlighting their potential for advanced engineering applications.</p>

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Green-synthesized copper nanoparticles, biocarbon, and Calamus thwaitesii stem fiber reinforced vinyl ester composite for EMI shielding applications: mechanical, dielectric, and EMI shielding effectiveness analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • M. Shanmugavadivu,
  • P. Chidambara Rajan,
  • K. Kalimuthu,
  • A. Kingslin,
  • Mathur Nadarajan Kathiravan

摘要

This study investigates the development of sustainable, multifunctional vinyl ester composites by incorporating Calamusthwaitesii stem fibers, copper nanoparticles, and biocarbon fillers to enhance mechanical, dielectric, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties. Among the formulations, MPB3, containing 40 vol% fiber and 3 vol% biocarbon, demonstrated superior mechanical performance, exhibiting high tensile, flexural, and impact strength, along with notable hardness, due to strong fiber-matrix adhesion and uniform filler dispersion that effectively improved stress transfer and crack resistance. In dielectric characterization, MPC5, reinforced with 40 vol% fiber and 5 vol% copper nanoparticles, achieved the highest permittivity and dielectric loss, attributed to enhanced interfacial polarization and dipolar relaxation arising from the conductive nanoparticle network. For EMI shielding, MPC3, with 40 vol% fiber and 3 vol% copper, delivered the maximum total shielding effectiveness at 18 GHz, driven by efficient absorption and reflection facilitated by well-distributed conductive pathways. SEM analysis corroborated these findings, revealing smooth surfaces in neat composites, fiber breakage in reinforced systems, uniform filler dispersion in high-performing samples, and slight agglomeration in lower-performing ones. Overall, the results demonstrate that integrating natural fibers with functional nanofillers can produce environmentally friendly composites with tunable mechanical, dielectric, and EMI shielding capabilities, highlighting their potential for advanced engineering applications.