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<p>This study investigates the development and characterization of polyester composites reinforced with silane-treated Teff straw microfiber and silane-treated fox tail millet husk-derived biosilica particle for enhanced mechanical and electromagnetic shielding performance. Five composite systems were fabricated and comprehensive mechanical, dielectric, magnetic and EMI analyses were conducted alongside SEM microstructural evaluation. Among all specimens, PTB2 exhibited the most balanced and superior mechanical performance, with a tensile strength of 137&#xa0;MPa, flexural strength of 149&#xa0;MPa, impact energy of 4.3&#xa0;J, and hardness of 82 Shore D, owing to the effective dispersion of 3 vol.% silane-treated biosilica particle and strong interfacial adhesion with 40 vol.% silane-treated microfiber, which enabled efficient load transfer and reduced microcrack propagation. In contrast, PTB3 demonstrated the highest dielectric, magnetic and EMI-shielding capabilities, achieving dielectric constants of 4.10 (X band) and 3.90 (Ku band), magnetic retentivity values reaching 4.33 (real part at 20&#xa0;Hz) and 1.54 (imaginary part at 20&#xa0;Hz), and exceptional EMI-shielding effectiveness of 60.9&#xa0;dB in the X band and 65.1&#xa0;dB in the Ku band. These enhancements are attributed to the higher 5 vol.% loading of silane-treated biosilica particle, which increased the number of polarization sites, magnetic loss centres and internal reflection pathways. SEM analysis further confirmed the structural differences: PTB0 exhibited fiber breakage indicating strong fiber–matrix bonding, PTB2 displayed uniform hybrid dispersion enabling synergistic reinforcement, while PTB3 showed filler agglomeration that slightly reduced mechanical strength but substantially enhanced electromagnetic attenuation. Overall, the hybridization of surface-modified bio-fillers effectively transformed the polyester matrix into a multifunctional composite with PTB2 optimized for mechanical performance and PTB3 optimized for electromagnetic applications.</p>

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Teff straw stem micro fiber and fox tail millet husk bioceramic particle reinforced polyester composite and their shielding effects on X band and Ku band. A characterization study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月19日

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  • Madhu Balasubramanian,
  • Mong-Fong Horng,
  • S. Siva Shankar,
  • Chun-Chih Lo

摘要

This study investigates the development and characterization of polyester composites reinforced with silane-treated Teff straw microfiber and silane-treated fox tail millet husk-derived biosilica particle for enhanced mechanical and electromagnetic shielding performance. Five composite systems were fabricated and comprehensive mechanical, dielectric, magnetic and EMI analyses were conducted alongside SEM microstructural evaluation. Among all specimens, PTB2 exhibited the most balanced and superior mechanical performance, with a tensile strength of 137 MPa, flexural strength of 149 MPa, impact energy of 4.3 J, and hardness of 82 Shore D, owing to the effective dispersion of 3 vol.% silane-treated biosilica particle and strong interfacial adhesion with 40 vol.% silane-treated microfiber, which enabled efficient load transfer and reduced microcrack propagation. In contrast, PTB3 demonstrated the highest dielectric, magnetic and EMI-shielding capabilities, achieving dielectric constants of 4.10 (X band) and 3.90 (Ku band), magnetic retentivity values reaching 4.33 (real part at 20 Hz) and 1.54 (imaginary part at 20 Hz), and exceptional EMI-shielding effectiveness of 60.9 dB in the X band and 65.1 dB in the Ku band. These enhancements are attributed to the higher 5 vol.% loading of silane-treated biosilica particle, which increased the number of polarization sites, magnetic loss centres and internal reflection pathways. SEM analysis further confirmed the structural differences: PTB0 exhibited fiber breakage indicating strong fiber–matrix bonding, PTB2 displayed uniform hybrid dispersion enabling synergistic reinforcement, while PTB3 showed filler agglomeration that slightly reduced mechanical strength but substantially enhanced electromagnetic attenuation. Overall, the hybridization of surface-modified bio-fillers effectively transformed the polyester matrix into a multifunctional composite with PTB2 optimized for mechanical performance and PTB3 optimized for electromagnetic applications.