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<p>Chromium (Cr), especially Cr(VI), is a notorious heavy metal pollutant with high toxicity, posing serious threats to ecosystems and human health. Recently, biomass-derived carbon dots (B-CDs) have emerged as promising materials in the field of sensing due to their low cost, environmental friendliness, and good optical properties. Developing a simple, sensitive, selective, and portable sensing platform based on B-CDs for the efficient detection of Cr(VI) in real environmental water samples is urgently required. Here, nitrogen-doped blue-fluorescent B-CDs were successfully synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method utilizing loofah biomass as the carbon source and ethylenediamine as the nitrogen source. The as-prepared B-CDs possess abundant surface functional groups, excellent water solubility, remarkable fluorescence stability, and high selectivity toward Cr(VI). The B-CDs exhibit a wide linear detection range for Cr(VI) from 10 to 1000&#xa0;μmol&#xa0;L<sup>−1</sup> with a low detection limit of 194&#xa0;nmol&#xa0;L<sup>−1</sup>. The quenching mechanism was determined to be an internal filter effect. This method has been effectively applied to the accurate analysis of real water samples. Furthermore, portable paper-based and hydrogel-based sensors incorporating B-CDs have been developed, enabling convenient on-site detection of Cr(VI) in practical scenarios.</p>

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Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon dots for the construction of portable test strips and hydrogel sensors for Cr(VI) sensing in environmental water samples

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月24日

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  • Youmei Luo,
  • Ziwei Gao,
  • Jiayin Zhan,
  • Shengda Liu,
  • Guixia Liu

摘要

Chromium (Cr), especially Cr(VI), is a notorious heavy metal pollutant with high toxicity, posing serious threats to ecosystems and human health. Recently, biomass-derived carbon dots (B-CDs) have emerged as promising materials in the field of sensing due to their low cost, environmental friendliness, and good optical properties. Developing a simple, sensitive, selective, and portable sensing platform based on B-CDs for the efficient detection of Cr(VI) in real environmental water samples is urgently required. Here, nitrogen-doped blue-fluorescent B-CDs were successfully synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method utilizing loofah biomass as the carbon source and ethylenediamine as the nitrogen source. The as-prepared B-CDs possess abundant surface functional groups, excellent water solubility, remarkable fluorescence stability, and high selectivity toward Cr(VI). The B-CDs exhibit a wide linear detection range for Cr(VI) from 10 to 1000 μmol L−1 with a low detection limit of 194 nmol L−1. The quenching mechanism was determined to be an internal filter effect. This method has been effectively applied to the accurate analysis of real water samples. Furthermore, portable paper-based and hydrogel-based sensors incorporating B-CDs have been developed, enabling convenient on-site detection of Cr(VI) in practical scenarios.