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<p>This study investigates the hydrothermal synthesis, characterization, and pH-sensing performance of gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃) nanorods, which have attracted significant interest in electronics and sensing applications due to their high thermal stability and notable electron mobility. The synthesized Ga₂O₃ nanorods were subjected to post-heat treatments at 350&#xa0;°C, 450&#xa0;°C, and 550&#xa0;°C. Their structural, morphological, and surface chemical properties were analysed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Owing to their ability to detect hydrogen ions, Ga₂O₃ nanorods show strong potential for various sensing applications. This work aims to improve sensor performance by examining the structural and functional attributes of the nanorods. Notably, electrodes treated at 450°C exhibited a high sensitivity of 59&#xa0;mV/pH, highlighting stable and efficient sensing behaviour under these conditions.</p>

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Optimizing heat treatment for enhanced pH sensing in gallium oxide nanorod arrays

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月5日

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  • Alaa Omar Balkhtb,
  • Naif H. Al-Hardan,
  • Muhammad Azmi Abdul Hamid,
  • Lim Kar Keng,
  • Azman Jalar

摘要

This study investigates the hydrothermal synthesis, characterization, and pH-sensing performance of gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃) nanorods, which have attracted significant interest in electronics and sensing applications due to their high thermal stability and notable electron mobility. The synthesized Ga₂O₃ nanorods were subjected to post-heat treatments at 350 °C, 450 °C, and 550 °C. Their structural, morphological, and surface chemical properties were analysed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Owing to their ability to detect hydrogen ions, Ga₂O₃ nanorods show strong potential for various sensing applications. This work aims to improve sensor performance by examining the structural and functional attributes of the nanorods. Notably, electrodes treated at 450°C exhibited a high sensitivity of 59 mV/pH, highlighting stable and efficient sensing behaviour under these conditions.