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<p>In this study, high-quality Cs₃Bi₂Cl₉ single crystals with an average length of ~ 4&#xa0;mm were successfully grown using the slow-cooling technique. The physicochemical, dielectric, and electrical characteristics were systematically examined using standard spectroscopic methods. Impedance spectroscopy was performed in the temperature range of 308–408&#xa0;K and frequency range of 25&#xa0;Hz–1&#xa0;MHz. The impedance analysis revealed a negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behavior and Debye-type relaxation with an activation energy of 57.05 ± 1&#xa0;meV. The dielectric permittivity exhibited strong dependence on both frequency and temperature, decreasing from ~ 10⁶ to ~ 10<sup>2</sup> due to multiple polarization mechanisms. These results demonstrate the excellent dielectric and electrical performance of Cs₃Bi₂Cl₉ single crystals, suggesting strong potential for optoelectronic and energy storage applications.</p>

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Growth, impedance analysis, and dielectric relaxation of all-inorganic lead-free cesium bismuth chloride (Cs3Bi2Cl9) single crystal for energy storage application

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月24日

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  • Bharti Chandrakar,
  • Topeswar Meher,
  • Hitendra,
  • Anil Kumar Sharma,
  • Pawan Kumar,
  • Sudhir Kumar,
  • H. P. Bhaskar,
  • Vineet K. Singh,
  • Dhirendra K. Chaudhary,
  • Shiv P. Patel

摘要

In this study, high-quality Cs₃Bi₂Cl₉ single crystals with an average length of ~ 4 mm were successfully grown using the slow-cooling technique. The physicochemical, dielectric, and electrical characteristics were systematically examined using standard spectroscopic methods. Impedance spectroscopy was performed in the temperature range of 308–408 K and frequency range of 25 Hz–1 MHz. The impedance analysis revealed a negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) behavior and Debye-type relaxation with an activation energy of 57.05 ± 1 meV. The dielectric permittivity exhibited strong dependence on both frequency and temperature, decreasing from ~ 10⁶ to ~ 102 due to multiple polarization mechanisms. These results demonstrate the excellent dielectric and electrical performance of Cs₃Bi₂Cl₉ single crystals, suggesting strong potential for optoelectronic and energy storage applications.