Tailoring magnetic performance: the role of sintering temperature and la–co co-doping in strontium hexaferrite for permanent magnet applications
摘要
Tailoring magnetic performance through strategic doping is critical for next-generation hexaferrite applications. This study systematically explores the structural, microstructural, and magnetic behaviours of La-Co-doped SrFe₁₂O₁₉ (Sr₁₋xLaxFe₁₂₋xCoxO₁₉, x = 0, 0.2, 0.3) as a function of doping concentration and sintering temperature (from 1050 °C to 1300 °C). XRD and subsequent Rietveld refinement confirm a stable single-phase magnetoplumbite structure with lattice contraction due to the substitution of smaller La3⁺ and Co2⁺ ions. SEM micrographs reveal hexagonal platelet-like grains, with grain size decreasing for x = 0.2 due to lattice strain but marginal grain growth for the sample with x = 0.3. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the stoichiometric incorporation of La and Co into the lattice. Magnetic property measurements revealed that coercivity (Hc) decreases with increasing sintering temperature, while a marginal increase in saturation magnetization (Ms) was observed possibly due to enhanced grain growth and densification. The Optimal magnetic performance was achieved for x = 0.2, with higher coercivity attributed to reduced grain size and increased magnetocrystalline anisotropy. However, for x = 0.3, excessive doping led to grain growth and weakened superexchange interactions, reducing the coercivity. XPS analysis has shown that La and Co were successfully incorporated, leading to an increase in Fe2+ ions and also increase in the oxygen vacancies. These results demonstrate the critical interplay of doping and sintering temperature in tailoring the structural and magnetic properties of La-Co-doped SrFe₁₂O₁₉. The study provides valuable insights into optimizing hexaferrite materials for advanced magnetic applications.