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<p>The hydrothermal method was used in this study to create pure nickel ferrite nanoparticles (NiFe<sub>2</sub>O₄) and nickel ferrite nanoparticles doped with varying proportions of the rare element neodymium (20%, 30%, and 40%). X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), UV–Vis spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to characterize the nickel ferrite nanoparticles. The crystalline nature of nickel ferrite (NiFeO₄) with a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure was demonstrated by XRD analysis. The development of spherical nanoparticles smaller than 100&#xa0;nm was demonstrated by FESEM. Iron and nickel were detected by EDX. The magnetic characteristics, including coercivity (Hc) and saturation magnetism (Ms), were disclosed by the hysteresis curve. As the doping ratio increased, UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed a blue shift in the surface plasmon absorption peak. According to the optical properties, the optical energy gap decreases in value as the doping element increases and follows a direct electron transition as determined by the Tauc equation. The prepared samples were used for photodetector applications after being deposited on N-type silicon substrates. Notably, the sample prepared at a 30% doping ratio exhibited the smallest crystallite size and highest photosensitivity (77.8%), with a rise time of 1.2&#xa0;s and a fall time of less than 1&#xa0;s. The photosensitivity results validate the potential of NiFe₂O₄/N-Si thin films for the development of UV photodetector technologies by showing their suitability for use in optoelectronic circuits and UV sensors.</p>

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Hydrothermal synthesis of nickel ferrite nanostructures (NiFe2O₄) doped with neodymium for use in photodetector applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月1日

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  • Nabeel W. Mamdooh,
  • Isam M. Ibrahim,
  • Saeed Naif Turki AlRashid

摘要

The hydrothermal method was used in this study to create pure nickel ferrite nanoparticles (NiFe2O₄) and nickel ferrite nanoparticles doped with varying proportions of the rare element neodymium (20%, 30%, and 40%). X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), UV–Vis spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to characterize the nickel ferrite nanoparticles. The crystalline nature of nickel ferrite (NiFeO₄) with a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure was demonstrated by XRD analysis. The development of spherical nanoparticles smaller than 100 nm was demonstrated by FESEM. Iron and nickel were detected by EDX. The magnetic characteristics, including coercivity (Hc) and saturation magnetism (Ms), were disclosed by the hysteresis curve. As the doping ratio increased, UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed a blue shift in the surface plasmon absorption peak. According to the optical properties, the optical energy gap decreases in value as the doping element increases and follows a direct electron transition as determined by the Tauc equation. The prepared samples were used for photodetector applications after being deposited on N-type silicon substrates. Notably, the sample prepared at a 30% doping ratio exhibited the smallest crystallite size and highest photosensitivity (77.8%), with a rise time of 1.2 s and a fall time of less than 1 s. The photosensitivity results validate the potential of NiFe₂O₄/N-Si thin films for the development of UV photodetector technologies by showing their suitability for use in optoelectronic circuits and UV sensors.