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<p>Traditional relaxor-ferroelectrics (RFEs) ceramics for capacitor application are usually limited by their lower energy storage performance. Recently, high–entropy strategy has garnered extensive attention in improving energy storage performance through disruption of ferroelectric long-range ordering with increasing compositional disorder. Significant efforts have been reported in last few years to design new high–entropy RFEs compositions with the aim to improve energy storage performance. In this direction, an attempt has been made in this work to achieve high energy–storage performance in high–entropy (Ba<sub>0.2</sub>Na<sub>0.2</sub>Bi<sub>0.2</sub>Sr<sub>0.2</sub>Ca<sub>0.2</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub> RFE ceramics by incorporating antiferroelectric NaNbO<sub>3</sub>. Conventional solid-state reaction route was used to prepare high–entropy 0.97(Ba<sub>0.2</sub>Na<sub>0.2</sub>Bi<sub>0.2</sub>Sr<sub>0.2</sub>Ca<sub>0.2</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub>–0.03NaNbO<sub>3</sub> ceramics. X-ray diffraction along with Rietveld refinement and Raman spectroscopy affirmed the single pseudo-cubic phase in synthesized high-entropy ceramics. Grains appeared with cuboid with rounded corners morphology under scanning electron microscope with the average grain size of 3.89 <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10854_2025_15962_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\upmu \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">μ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> m. The confirmation of surface composition along with the oxidation states was done using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Dielectric study evidenced that the synthesized high-entropy ceramics possessed strong dielectric relaxation characteristics along with the lower dielectric lossover a broad temperature range. In addition to this, during P–E loop study, the synthesized high–entropy ceramics exhibited the recoverable energy density (<i>W</i><sub><i>r</i></sub>) as high as 0.73&#xa0;J/cm<sup>3</sup> and energy storage efficiency (<i>η</i>) as high as 80% under an electric field of 116&#xa0;kV/cm. In addition to this, the synthesized high–entropy ceramics demonstrate good temperature stability in terms of <i>W</i><sub><i>r</i></sub> and <i>η</i> at high temperatures. Thus, this work elucidates that the high–entropy strategy could be the effective method to design high performance energy–storage ceramics for dielectric capacitor application.</p>

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High–entropy lead-free NaNbO3-modified (Bi0.2Na0.2Ba0.2Sr0.2Ca0.2)TiO3 relaxor–ferroelectric ceramics for capacitors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月21日

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  • Varun Kamboj,
  • Harshit Tripathi,
  • Rishabh Sharma,
  • Sunny Zafar,
  • Moolchand Sharma,
  • Sanjeev Kumar,
  • Gurpreet Singh

摘要

Traditional relaxor-ferroelectrics (RFEs) ceramics for capacitor application are usually limited by their lower energy storage performance. Recently, high–entropy strategy has garnered extensive attention in improving energy storage performance through disruption of ferroelectric long-range ordering with increasing compositional disorder. Significant efforts have been reported in last few years to design new high–entropy RFEs compositions with the aim to improve energy storage performance. In this direction, an attempt has been made in this work to achieve high energy–storage performance in high–entropy (Ba0.2Na0.2Bi0.2Sr0.2Ca0.2)TiO3 RFE ceramics by incorporating antiferroelectric NaNbO3. Conventional solid-state reaction route was used to prepare high–entropy 0.97(Ba0.2Na0.2Bi0.2Sr0.2Ca0.2)TiO3–0.03NaNbO3 ceramics. X-ray diffraction along with Rietveld refinement and Raman spectroscopy affirmed the single pseudo-cubic phase in synthesized high-entropy ceramics. Grains appeared with cuboid with rounded corners morphology under scanning electron microscope with the average grain size of 3.89 \(\upmu \) μ m. The confirmation of surface composition along with the oxidation states was done using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Dielectric study evidenced that the synthesized high-entropy ceramics possessed strong dielectric relaxation characteristics along with the lower dielectric lossover a broad temperature range. In addition to this, during P–E loop study, the synthesized high–entropy ceramics exhibited the recoverable energy density (Wr) as high as 0.73 J/cm3 and energy storage efficiency (η) as high as 80% under an electric field of 116 kV/cm. In addition to this, the synthesized high–entropy ceramics demonstrate good temperature stability in terms of Wr and η at high temperatures. Thus, this work elucidates that the high–entropy strategy could be the effective method to design high performance energy–storage ceramics for dielectric capacitor application.