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<p>The increasing application of wireless and electronic products necessitated more severe electromagnetic interference (EMI), requiring high-performance shielding materials with high absorption, structural stability, and a wide operating band. In the present study, Sn<sub>(1−<i>x</i>)</sub>(rGO)<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>2</sub> nanocrystals (<i>x</i> = 0, 0.01, 0.02) were prepared using the sol–gel process to analyze their EMI shielding efficiency (EMSE) from high to extremely high frequencies 1–9&#xa0;GHz using an FR4-based RF sensor. Rietveld-refined X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns established a tetragonal crystal structure (<i>P</i>4<sub>2</sub>/<i>mnm</i>) for all doping concentrations. Systematic diminution in lattice parameters and unit cell volume with increasing rGO content testifies to successful integration without breaking structural symmetry. Enhanced crystallinity and lower microstrain were corroborated by decreasing <i>χ</i><sup>2</sup> (from 0.6228 to 0.535), <i>R</i><sub><i>wp</i></sub>, and <i>R</i><sub><i>f</i></sub> values. High-resolution TEM images exhibited SnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (5–70&#xa0;nm) uniformly grafted on rGO sheets with clear lattice fringes assigned to (001) and (101) planes, indicating the close interaction between rGO and SnO<sub>2</sub>. These structural improvements had direct effects on the electromagnetic response. The sensor resonated at 6.5&#xa0;GHz, and the resonance was suppressed upon testing with Sn<sub>(1−<i>x</i>)</sub>(rGO)<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>2</sub>, where 1% rGO-doped samples exhibited maximum signal suppression. rGO network caused conductivity and interfacial polarization increases, leading to enhanced EM absorption. Therefore, the combination of optimized nanostructure and conductivity modulation due to dopants makes Sn<sub>(1−<i>x</i>)</sub>(rGO)<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>2</sub> a tunable and effective material for GHz-range EMI shielding.</p>

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Tunable GHz electromagnetic interference shielding in rGO-doped SnO2 nanocrystals: linking structural refinement to functional performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月17日

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  • Aashish Kumar,
  • Nitika Dhingra,
  • Mansi Chitkara,
  • Navneet Kaur,
  • Jaswinder Kaur

摘要

The increasing application of wireless and electronic products necessitated more severe electromagnetic interference (EMI), requiring high-performance shielding materials with high absorption, structural stability, and a wide operating band. In the present study, Sn(1−x)(rGO)xO2 nanocrystals (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02) were prepared using the sol–gel process to analyze their EMI shielding efficiency (EMSE) from high to extremely high frequencies 1–9 GHz using an FR4-based RF sensor. Rietveld-refined X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns established a tetragonal crystal structure (P42/mnm) for all doping concentrations. Systematic diminution in lattice parameters and unit cell volume with increasing rGO content testifies to successful integration without breaking structural symmetry. Enhanced crystallinity and lower microstrain were corroborated by decreasing χ2 (from 0.6228 to 0.535), Rwp, and Rf values. High-resolution TEM images exhibited SnO2 nanoparticles (5–70 nm) uniformly grafted on rGO sheets with clear lattice fringes assigned to (001) and (101) planes, indicating the close interaction between rGO and SnO2. These structural improvements had direct effects on the electromagnetic response. The sensor resonated at 6.5 GHz, and the resonance was suppressed upon testing with Sn(1−x)(rGO)xO2, where 1% rGO-doped samples exhibited maximum signal suppression. rGO network caused conductivity and interfacial polarization increases, leading to enhanced EM absorption. Therefore, the combination of optimized nanostructure and conductivity modulation due to dopants makes Sn(1−x)(rGO)xO2 a tunable and effective material for GHz-range EMI shielding.