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<p>Commercially available single crystals of (111) SrTiO<sub>3</sub> were found to contain impurities of varying amounts that strongly affected their dielectric performance at cryogenic temperatures. Three crystals with total impurities of 111, 126, and 625 ppm, primarily of barium and yttrium, were analyzed. Relative permittivity (ε<sub>r</sub>) and loss tangent were investigated with high resolution as a function of temperature (4 K to 100 K), DC voltage (0 V/cm to 800 V/cm), and frequency (100 Hz to 1 MHz). An impurity level as low as ≈500 ppm barium resulted in an increase of the maximum permittivity (ε<sub>m</sub>) to approximately 50,000 at 6 K. This relatively high permittivity value was tunable by up to 80% at a low DC field of less than 1 kV/cm between 4 and 80 K. It is suggested that in this temperature range and with no DC field applied, SrTiO<sub>3</sub> single crystals doped with Ba may be used as a highly sensitive temperature sensor.</p>

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Effects of yttrium and barium trace impurities on the dielectric properties of SrTiO3 (111) single crystals at cryogenic temperatures

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月3日

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  • Hung Trinh,
  • Alan Devoe,
  • Fatih Dogan

摘要

Commercially available single crystals of (111) SrTiO3 were found to contain impurities of varying amounts that strongly affected their dielectric performance at cryogenic temperatures. Three crystals with total impurities of 111, 126, and 625 ppm, primarily of barium and yttrium, were analyzed. Relative permittivity (εr) and loss tangent were investigated with high resolution as a function of temperature (4 K to 100 K), DC voltage (0 V/cm to 800 V/cm), and frequency (100 Hz to 1 MHz). An impurity level as low as ≈500 ppm barium resulted in an increase of the maximum permittivity (εm) to approximately 50,000 at 6 K. This relatively high permittivity value was tunable by up to 80% at a low DC field of less than 1 kV/cm between 4 and 80 K. It is suggested that in this temperature range and with no DC field applied, SrTiO3 single crystals doped with Ba may be used as a highly sensitive temperature sensor.