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<p>Zinc sulphide nanoparticles (ZnS NPs) have garnered significant interest as semiconductor photocatalysts due to their wide band gap (3.2–4.4&#xa0;eV), high exciton binding energy (40&#xa0;meV), and small Bohr radius. This study focuses on the synthesis, characterisation, and photocatalytic performance of ZnS NPs calcined at varying temperatures: ZnS<sub>as-pre</sub>, ZnS<sub>300</sub>, ZnS<sub>400</sub>, and ZnS<sub>500</sub>. Chemical co-precipitation was employed for the synthesis, followed by calcination at 300, 400, and 500&#xa0;°C. Characterisation techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV–Vis spectroscopy, and Photoluminescence (PL), were used to analyse the structural, morphological, and optical properties. XRD analysis confirmed the hexagonal crystal structure of ZnS with average crystalline sizes decreasing from ~ 22&#xa0;nm (ZnS<sub>as-pre</sub>) to ~ 7&#xa0;nm (ZnS<sub>400</sub>), while ZnS<sub>500</sub> exhibited secondary phase formation corresponding to ZnO. Similarly, the Particle size decreased from ~ 22 to ~ 7&#xa0;nm when the calcination temperature was increased. The band gap values for ZnS<sub>as-pre</sub>, ZnS<sub>300</sub>, ZnS<sub>400</sub>, and ZnS<sub>500</sub> are 3.62, 3.67, 3.70, and 3.73&#xa0;eV, respectively. The photocatalytic activity was tested against methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO), with ZnS<sub>400</sub> showing the highest degradation efficiency of 98.7% for MB and 96.04% for MO. The optimised ZnS<sub>400</sub> catalyst was further tested with Rhodamine B (RhB) and Malachite Green (MG) dyes, showcasing superior degradation efficiency of ~ 99 and ~ 98%, respectively. The study demonstrates the potential of ZnS NPs for efficient and sustainable photocatalysis to degrade various textile dye pollutants.</p>

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Synthesis and characterisation of ZnS nanoparticles: a comprehensive study on phase transition and photocatalytic degradation kinetics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月22日

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  • M. Muthulakshmi,
  • A. P. Sudha,
  • S. Surendhiran

摘要

Zinc sulphide nanoparticles (ZnS NPs) have garnered significant interest as semiconductor photocatalysts due to their wide band gap (3.2–4.4 eV), high exciton binding energy (40 meV), and small Bohr radius. This study focuses on the synthesis, characterisation, and photocatalytic performance of ZnS NPs calcined at varying temperatures: ZnSas-pre, ZnS300, ZnS400, and ZnS500. Chemical co-precipitation was employed for the synthesis, followed by calcination at 300, 400, and 500 °C. Characterisation techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV–Vis spectroscopy, and Photoluminescence (PL), were used to analyse the structural, morphological, and optical properties. XRD analysis confirmed the hexagonal crystal structure of ZnS with average crystalline sizes decreasing from ~ 22 nm (ZnSas-pre) to ~ 7 nm (ZnS400), while ZnS500 exhibited secondary phase formation corresponding to ZnO. Similarly, the Particle size decreased from ~ 22 to ~ 7 nm when the calcination temperature was increased. The band gap values for ZnSas-pre, ZnS300, ZnS400, and ZnS500 are 3.62, 3.67, 3.70, and 3.73 eV, respectively. The photocatalytic activity was tested against methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO), with ZnS400 showing the highest degradation efficiency of 98.7% for MB and 96.04% for MO. The optimised ZnS400 catalyst was further tested with Rhodamine B (RhB) and Malachite Green (MG) dyes, showcasing superior degradation efficiency of ~ 99 and ~ 98%, respectively. The study demonstrates the potential of ZnS NPs for efficient and sustainable photocatalysis to degrade various textile dye pollutants.