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<p>This study employed a green methodology for synthesizing oxide semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) using a natural extract from husk tomato (<i>Physalis philadelphica</i>) as a reductant and stabilizing agent. The NPs produced include ZnO, SnO<sub>2</sub>, and CuO. Characterization was carried out using various techniques to identify the physical, optical, and chemical properties of the synthesized NPs; ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) was employed to determine absorption bands and calculate the band gaps of 2.95, 2.7, and 1.9 eV for the semiconductors (ZnO, SnO<sub>2</sub>, and CuO). Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrum shows the metal–oxygen bond characteristics of the materials analyzed. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) diffractogram indicates the formation of hexagonal zincite (ZnO), tetragonal cassiterite (SnO<sub>2</sub>), and monoclinic tenorite (CuO) structures, and crystallite sizes of 12.777, 15.451, and 39.915 nm, respectively. TEM and SEM were utilized to obtain information on surface, shape, and size; energy-dispersive&#xa0;X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the chemical composition. Finally, photocatalytic studies were conducted to investigate the degradation of five organic dyes: methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB), malachite green (MG), methyl orange (MO), and congo red (CR). The results indicated that over a 180-min period, these dyes underwent degradation through a photocatalytic process, with ZnO, SnO<sub>2</sub>, and CuO NPs serving as photocatalysts. This demonstrates that the synthesized NPs possess excellent photocatalytic properties.</p>

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Green synthesis of semiconductor nanoparticles (ZnO, CuO, and SnO2) using Physalis philadelphica peel extract: characterization and photocatalytic studies on five organic dyes

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月20日

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  • C. A. Magaña-Chavez,
  • J. A. Villegas-Fuentes,
  • O. J. Nava,
  • A. R. Vilchis-Nestor,
  • P. A. Luque

摘要

This study employed a green methodology for synthesizing oxide semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) using a natural extract from husk tomato (Physalis philadelphica) as a reductant and stabilizing agent. The NPs produced include ZnO, SnO2, and CuO. Characterization was carried out using various techniques to identify the physical, optical, and chemical properties of the synthesized NPs; ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis) was employed to determine absorption bands and calculate the band gaps of 2.95, 2.7, and 1.9 eV for the semiconductors (ZnO, SnO2, and CuO). Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectrum shows the metal–oxygen bond characteristics of the materials analyzed. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) diffractogram indicates the formation of hexagonal zincite (ZnO), tetragonal cassiterite (SnO2), and monoclinic tenorite (CuO) structures, and crystallite sizes of 12.777, 15.451, and 39.915 nm, respectively. TEM and SEM were utilized to obtain information on surface, shape, and size; energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the chemical composition. Finally, photocatalytic studies were conducted to investigate the degradation of five organic dyes: methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB), malachite green (MG), methyl orange (MO), and congo red (CR). The results indicated that over a 180-min period, these dyes underwent degradation through a photocatalytic process, with ZnO, SnO2, and CuO NPs serving as photocatalysts. This demonstrates that the synthesized NPs possess excellent photocatalytic properties.