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<p>Testosterone plays a critical role in diagnosing conditions like infertility, but its detection remains a challenge due to the limitations of conventional techniques, including high costs, complexity, and lack of portability. To address these limitations, in this work, a highly sensitive and eco-friendly electrochemical biosensor is developed for testosterone detection using advanced nanomaterials like silver-coated reduced graphene oxide (Ag-serGO). First, the biosensor fabrication employs a two-fold approach: (i) the green synthesis of AgNPs using vetiver root extract, ensuring an environmentally friendly process, and (ii) solar exfoliation of GO to serGO, offering a chemical-free and scalable method. Hydrothermal techniques coat AgNPs onto exfoliated serGO, forming a stable Ag-serGO nanocomposite with excellent conductivity, high surface area, and tailored active sites. Structural and morphological characterizations confirm the successful synthesis of Ag-serGO, as demonstrated by FESEM, HRTEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, UV–Vis, and XPS analyses. The biosensor’s working electrode is modified with the Ag-serGO nanocomposite and a testosterone imprinted polymer (TIP) layer. The TIP is electro-polymerized using aniline monomers and testosterone as a molecular template, which is subsequently removed to create highly selective recognition sites. Electrochemical analyses, including CV, EIS, and DPV confirm the sensor’s exceptional performance. The fabricated TIP/Ag-serGO/GCE biosensor exhibits a linear range of detection ranging from 10 fM to 10&#xa0;µM and an ultra-low detection limit of 0.157 fM, showcasing its ultra-sensitivity. This sensor demonstrated high specificity, effectively distinguishing testosterone from structurally similar hormones like estradiol and progesterone, as proven through selectivity studies.</p>

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Effect of silver nanoparticles-coated solar exfoliated rGO layers on testosterone imprinted polymer biosensor toward ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of testosterone

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月10日

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  • G. Dinesh Ram,
  • S. Praveen Kumar,
  • J. Sakthi Swarrup

摘要

Testosterone plays a critical role in diagnosing conditions like infertility, but its detection remains a challenge due to the limitations of conventional techniques, including high costs, complexity, and lack of portability. To address these limitations, in this work, a highly sensitive and eco-friendly electrochemical biosensor is developed for testosterone detection using advanced nanomaterials like silver-coated reduced graphene oxide (Ag-serGO). First, the biosensor fabrication employs a two-fold approach: (i) the green synthesis of AgNPs using vetiver root extract, ensuring an environmentally friendly process, and (ii) solar exfoliation of GO to serGO, offering a chemical-free and scalable method. Hydrothermal techniques coat AgNPs onto exfoliated serGO, forming a stable Ag-serGO nanocomposite with excellent conductivity, high surface area, and tailored active sites. Structural and morphological characterizations confirm the successful synthesis of Ag-serGO, as demonstrated by FESEM, HRTEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, UV–Vis, and XPS analyses. The biosensor’s working electrode is modified with the Ag-serGO nanocomposite and a testosterone imprinted polymer (TIP) layer. The TIP is electro-polymerized using aniline monomers and testosterone as a molecular template, which is subsequently removed to create highly selective recognition sites. Electrochemical analyses, including CV, EIS, and DPV confirm the sensor’s exceptional performance. The fabricated TIP/Ag-serGO/GCE biosensor exhibits a linear range of detection ranging from 10 fM to 10 µM and an ultra-low detection limit of 0.157 fM, showcasing its ultra-sensitivity. This sensor demonstrated high specificity, effectively distinguishing testosterone from structurally similar hormones like estradiol and progesterone, as proven through selectivity studies.