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<p>ZnO-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> -based ceramics have garnered significant interest as low-temperature co-fired varistor materials. However, their practical application remains constrained by insufficient nonlinear coefficients and elevated leakage current densities. This study addresses these limitations through innovative processing by fabricating 97.5&#xa0;mol%ZnO-0.5&#xa0;mol%V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-2.0&#xa0;mol% MnO (ZnVMnO) ceramics using a two-step sintering strategy alongside conventional single-step sintering for comparative analysis. Comprehensive characterization reveals that both sintering protocols yield ceramics comprising a ZnO matrix with ZnV<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and Zn<sub>3</sub>(VO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> secondary phases. Notably, the two-step sintering process demonstrates remarkable efficacy in suppressing oxygen vacancy concentrations, which effectively controls ZnO grain growth and eliminates abnormal grain growth phenomena. The two-step sintered ceramic (ZnVMnO-TS) achieved a nonlinear coefficient (<i>α</i>) of 37, a leakage current density (<i>J</i><sub>L</sub>) of 82 μA/cm<sup>2</sup>, and a breakdown field (<i>E</i><sub>1mA</sub>) of 332&#xa0;V/mm. These values represent substantial improvements compared to the conventionally sintered ceramic (ZnVMnO-CS: <i>α</i> = 32, J<sub>L</sub> = 106 μA/cm<sup>2</sup>, <i>E</i><sub>1mA</sub> = 305&#xa0;V/mm). The proposed methodology provides valuable insights for engineering cost-effective, high-performance surge protection devices compatible with multilayer ceramic capacitor manufacturing processes.</p>

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Two-step sintering strategy for tailoring microstructure and electrical properties in ZnO-V2O5-MnO low-sintering-temperature varistor ceramics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月26日

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  • Jun Wu,
  • Jiajia Yin,
  • Wanting Chen,
  • Banglun Wang,
  • Zhen Yang,
  • Shouliang Wang,
  • Dong Xu,
  • Tianyu Li

摘要

ZnO-V2O5 -based ceramics have garnered significant interest as low-temperature co-fired varistor materials. However, their practical application remains constrained by insufficient nonlinear coefficients and elevated leakage current densities. This study addresses these limitations through innovative processing by fabricating 97.5 mol%ZnO-0.5 mol%V2O5-2.0 mol% MnO (ZnVMnO) ceramics using a two-step sintering strategy alongside conventional single-step sintering for comparative analysis. Comprehensive characterization reveals that both sintering protocols yield ceramics comprising a ZnO matrix with ZnV2O4 and Zn3(VO4)2 secondary phases. Notably, the two-step sintering process demonstrates remarkable efficacy in suppressing oxygen vacancy concentrations, which effectively controls ZnO grain growth and eliminates abnormal grain growth phenomena. The two-step sintered ceramic (ZnVMnO-TS) achieved a nonlinear coefficient (α) of 37, a leakage current density (JL) of 82 μA/cm2, and a breakdown field (E1mA) of 332 V/mm. These values represent substantial improvements compared to the conventionally sintered ceramic (ZnVMnO-CS: α = 32, JL = 106 μA/cm2, E1mA = 305 V/mm). The proposed methodology provides valuable insights for engineering cost-effective, high-performance surge protection devices compatible with multilayer ceramic capacitor manufacturing processes.