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<p>The ferromagnetic properties of thin films continue to attract attention for their promising roles in next-generation magnetic memory and spintronic devices. In this study, Fe–Cr–Gd thin films were successfully electrodeposited onto copper (Cu) substrates with varying concentrations of gadolinium (Gd). A comprehensive analysis was conducted to understand their structural, morphological, optical, and magnetic properties. X-ray diffraction revealed that the films are polycrystalline structures with mixed face-centered cubic (FCC) and hexagonal close-packed (HCP) phases influenced by the presence of Cr and Gd. Increasing Gd concentrations led to notable changes in surface morphology. Optical studies showed significant absorption in the ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectrum, with films doped with 0.03&#xa0;M Gd exhibiting minimal absorption of 0.064 a.u., highlighting their suitability for UV sensing applications. Photoluminescence measurements revealed strong emission bands centered at 469&#xa0;nm and 616&#xa0;nm in the visible region. Importantly, higher Gd levels induced canted magnetic phases between Fe and Gd, significantly altering the soft ferromagnetic characteristics of the films. These findings highlight the tunable nature of Fe–Cr–Gd thin films and underscore their potential for multifunctional device integration.</p>

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Optical and magnetic properties of electrodeposited Fe–Cr–Gd thin films

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月11日

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  • Sivasakthirani T,
  • Sathishkumar Perumal,
  • Balamurugan K

摘要

The ferromagnetic properties of thin films continue to attract attention for their promising roles in next-generation magnetic memory and spintronic devices. In this study, Fe–Cr–Gd thin films were successfully electrodeposited onto copper (Cu) substrates with varying concentrations of gadolinium (Gd). A comprehensive analysis was conducted to understand their structural, morphological, optical, and magnetic properties. X-ray diffraction revealed that the films are polycrystalline structures with mixed face-centered cubic (FCC) and hexagonal close-packed (HCP) phases influenced by the presence of Cr and Gd. Increasing Gd concentrations led to notable changes in surface morphology. Optical studies showed significant absorption in the ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectrum, with films doped with 0.03 M Gd exhibiting minimal absorption of 0.064 a.u., highlighting their suitability for UV sensing applications. Photoluminescence measurements revealed strong emission bands centered at 469 nm and 616 nm in the visible region. Importantly, higher Gd levels induced canted magnetic phases between Fe and Gd, significantly altering the soft ferromagnetic characteristics of the films. These findings highlight the tunable nature of Fe–Cr–Gd thin films and underscore their potential for multifunctional device integration.