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<p>This study investigates the effect of Al-Cu doping on Structural, Spectral, Morphology, Magnetic, and dielectric characteristics of M-type Calcium hexaferrites with composition Ca<sub>1-x</sub>Al<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>12-x</sub>Cu<sub>x</sub>O<sub>19</sub> (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20). The samples were prepared by sol–gel auto-combustion technique and sintered at 950&#xa0;°C for 8&#xa0;h. The crystallite structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. XRD analysis shows that the sample exhibits pure crystalline phase with no presence of impurity such as α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The cell volume, lattice parameters a &amp; c, and c/a ratio were measured and analyzed to investigate any changes in the crystal structure. The results showed that the cell volume ranged from 610.92 to 631.61 (Å)<sup>3</sup>, crystallite size ranged from 18.172 to 24.895&#xa0;nm, c/a ratio varies from 3.896 to 3.988, and porosity ranges from 33.99 to 41.47%, indicating that the synthesized hexaferrites could be used as high-density recording media. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed specific absorption bands related to hexagonal ferrites. SEM was used to investigate the surface morphology of the synthesized samples. The dielectric properties of the prepared samples, including the dielectric constant and dielectric loss, decreased upon Al-Cu substitution. Meanwhile, the real and complex parts of the electric modulus increased. The Cole–Cole plots exhibited a small semicircle, suggesting that both grains and grain boundaries contributed to the conduction process. The reduced dielectric parameters make the hexaferrites suitable for high-frequency applications such as stealth technology and phase shifters. Vibrating sample magnetometer was also used in order to study the magnetic parameters of these ferrites. The range of coercivity measured in all the samples was between 120.33 and 266.35 Oe, having the highest value 266.35 at x = 0.05 and saturation magnetization has high value of 42.23 at x = 0.15 substitution indicating a soft magnetic behavior in the prepared samples. These samples have low coercivity and saturation magnetization (Ms), indicating their soft magnetic properties, making them suitable candidate for sensing, switching, and security applications.</p>

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Role of Al-Cu doping on structural, spectral, morphological, dielectric, and magnetic properties of M-type calcium hexaferrites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月30日

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  • M. N. Panwar,
  • Hasan M. Khan,
  • Muhammad Zahid,
  • Amjad Ali,
  • Muhammad Arshad Kamran,
  • Mohammed A. Assiri

摘要

This study investigates the effect of Al-Cu doping on Structural, Spectral, Morphology, Magnetic, and dielectric characteristics of M-type Calcium hexaferrites with composition Ca1-xAlxFe12-xCuxO19 (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20). The samples were prepared by sol–gel auto-combustion technique and sintered at 950 °C for 8 h. The crystallite structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. XRD analysis shows that the sample exhibits pure crystalline phase with no presence of impurity such as α-Fe2O3. The cell volume, lattice parameters a & c, and c/a ratio were measured and analyzed to investigate any changes in the crystal structure. The results showed that the cell volume ranged from 610.92 to 631.61 (Å)3, crystallite size ranged from 18.172 to 24.895 nm, c/a ratio varies from 3.896 to 3.988, and porosity ranges from 33.99 to 41.47%, indicating that the synthesized hexaferrites could be used as high-density recording media. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed specific absorption bands related to hexagonal ferrites. SEM was used to investigate the surface morphology of the synthesized samples. The dielectric properties of the prepared samples, including the dielectric constant and dielectric loss, decreased upon Al-Cu substitution. Meanwhile, the real and complex parts of the electric modulus increased. The Cole–Cole plots exhibited a small semicircle, suggesting that both grains and grain boundaries contributed to the conduction process. The reduced dielectric parameters make the hexaferrites suitable for high-frequency applications such as stealth technology and phase shifters. Vibrating sample magnetometer was also used in order to study the magnetic parameters of these ferrites. The range of coercivity measured in all the samples was between 120.33 and 266.35 Oe, having the highest value 266.35 at x = 0.05 and saturation magnetization has high value of 42.23 at x = 0.15 substitution indicating a soft magnetic behavior in the prepared samples. These samples have low coercivity and saturation magnetization (Ms), indicating their soft magnetic properties, making them suitable candidate for sensing, switching, and security applications.