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<p>Single crystals of potassium cobalt sulfate hexahydrate (KCSH), an inorganic Tutton’s salt, were successfully grown using the slow evaporation solution growth technique. The obtained crystals were confirmed to match previously reported structures and were thoroughly characterized for their potential in third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. Single crystal-XRD revealed that the grown crystals belongs to monoclinic crystal system with space group P2₁/a. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy were analysed to confirms the presence of functional groups and stretching vibrations. Morphological features and elemental composition of K, Co, S, O were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). Optical properties were investigated through UV–Visible spectroscopy, absorbance revealed a wide optical energy band gap of 5.68&#xa0;eV as Insulating material and also revealing a high transmittance. Chromaticity coordinates (CIE-1931) and color purity were derived from emission spectra. Thermal stability and decomposition state were analysed using thermogravimetric-differential thermogravimetric (TG-DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses, which highlighted the endothermic and exothermic processes associated with water molecule loss and sulfate decomposition. In laser damage threshold, the calculated power density value as 9.017 GW/cm<sup>2</sup>. Third-order NLO properties were investigated using the Z-scan technique, yielding a third-order nonlinear susceptibility (<i>χ</i><sup>3</sup>) value of 2.723 × 10⁻<sup>13</sup>&#xa0;esu, which is superior to that of standard KDP crystals.</p>

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Exploring the third-order nonlinear optical and luminescent properties of thermally stable potassium cobalt sulfate hexahydrate single crystals

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月6日

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  • N. Venkatachalam,
  • Hanan Akhdar,
  • Tarfah Alinad,
  • D. Dulasimathi,
  • M. Prabhaharan,
  • Abdullah N. Alodhayb

摘要

Single crystals of potassium cobalt sulfate hexahydrate (KCSH), an inorganic Tutton’s salt, were successfully grown using the slow evaporation solution growth technique. The obtained crystals were confirmed to match previously reported structures and were thoroughly characterized for their potential in third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. Single crystal-XRD revealed that the grown crystals belongs to monoclinic crystal system with space group P2₁/a. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy were analysed to confirms the presence of functional groups and stretching vibrations. Morphological features and elemental composition of K, Co, S, O were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). Optical properties were investigated through UV–Visible spectroscopy, absorbance revealed a wide optical energy band gap of 5.68 eV as Insulating material and also revealing a high transmittance. Chromaticity coordinates (CIE-1931) and color purity were derived from emission spectra. Thermal stability and decomposition state were analysed using thermogravimetric-differential thermogravimetric (TG-DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses, which highlighted the endothermic and exothermic processes associated with water molecule loss and sulfate decomposition. In laser damage threshold, the calculated power density value as 9.017 GW/cm2. Third-order NLO properties were investigated using the Z-scan technique, yielding a third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ3) value of 2.723 × 10⁻13 esu, which is superior to that of standard KDP crystals.