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<p>This study focuses on the design and development of embroidered textile electrodes (textrodes) using diverse stitch techniques to enhance water retention performance for surface electromyography (sEMG) monitoring. A sandwiched structure was designed, incorporating textile filling materials between a conductive polyamide–silver hybrid thread and elastic support fabric. Three stitch patterns inner circle (IC), circle (C), and no center (NC) were combined with three filling materials: 3D knit (3Dk), microfiber (MF), and non-woven (NW), yielding nine electrode types. These electrodes were characterized for water retention properties, thickness, and skin–electrode impedance under dry and wet conditions. The results demonstrated superior performance by 3D knit-filled designs, which exhibited optimal water retention and low contact impedance, crucial for sEMG signal quality. Additionally, the study highlights the potential of leveraging natural moisture, such as sweat, to address the challenges of dry electrode discomfort. These findings present embroidered textrodes as a promising solution for improving biosignal monitoring in wearable smart textiles.</p>

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Design and evaluation of sandwiched embroidered textrodes for long-term sEMG monitoring with enhanced impedance properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月30日

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  • Bulcha Belay Etana,
  • Benny Malengier,
  • Yordan Kyosev,
  • Janarthanan Krishnamoorthy,
  • Lieva Van Langenhove

摘要

This study focuses on the design and development of embroidered textile electrodes (textrodes) using diverse stitch techniques to enhance water retention performance for surface electromyography (sEMG) monitoring. A sandwiched structure was designed, incorporating textile filling materials between a conductive polyamide–silver hybrid thread and elastic support fabric. Three stitch patterns inner circle (IC), circle (C), and no center (NC) were combined with three filling materials: 3D knit (3Dk), microfiber (MF), and non-woven (NW), yielding nine electrode types. These electrodes were characterized for water retention properties, thickness, and skin–electrode impedance under dry and wet conditions. The results demonstrated superior performance by 3D knit-filled designs, which exhibited optimal water retention and low contact impedance, crucial for sEMG signal quality. Additionally, the study highlights the potential of leveraging natural moisture, such as sweat, to address the challenges of dry electrode discomfort. These findings present embroidered textrodes as a promising solution for improving biosignal monitoring in wearable smart textiles.