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<p>The modified chemical bath deposition method (M-CBD) is a novel approach to synthesizing metal chalcogenides. We report the synthesis and characterization of antimony sulfide (Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>) as a sensitizer for titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) film. The deposition of Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> was done using the M-CBD method at room temperature. Antimony chloride and sodium sulfide are used as sources of cations and anions, respectively. The deposition of compact TiO<sub>2</sub> was carried out using the chemical bath deposition method. A mesoporous layer of TiO<sub>2</sub> was deposited using the doctor blade method. Various characterization techniques are utilized to analyze the Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> photoanode. The X-ray diffraction technique confirms the stable orthorhombic phase of Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3,</sub> and the purity of the phase is also confirmed by RAMAN spectroscopy. Cost-effective and simple method M-CBD is employed for the synthesis of Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> is there is no evidence of the senarmontite Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phase occurring in the Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> cluster. The optical properties of Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> photoanodes were studied; they exhibit a band gap of Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> (100 cycles) 1.98&#xa0;eV, Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> (80 cycles) 2.06&#xa0;eV, and Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> (60 cycles) 2.09&#xa0;eV, respectively, calculated from the Tauc plot. Morphological properties and elemental composition analysis of Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> photoanode were confirmed by FESEM and EDS, respectively. The Elemental composition, electronic, chemical, and valence state of the Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> photoelectrode were studied. XPS confirmed the + 4-oxidation state of Ti and the + 3-oxidation state of Sb. For the JV characteristics analysis of the Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> photoanode, we used spray pyrolysis-deposited CuS/FTO film as a counter electrode, and polysulfide was used as an electrolyte. Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> sandwiched solar cells show up to 0.89% photoconversion efficiency. We studied the chronoamperometry to correlate the JV characteristics of the Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> sandwiched solar cell.</p>

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Sb2S3 coated titania photoelectrode: fabrication and its properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月27日

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  • Abhijit T. Supekar,
  • Maruti V. Salve,
  • Shivkumar S. Patil,
  • Pankaj K. Bhujbal,
  • Almas M. Mujawar,
  • Nandu B. Chaure,
  • Shoyebmohamad F. Shaikh,
  • Sopan M. Rathod,
  • Habib M. Pathan

摘要

The modified chemical bath deposition method (M-CBD) is a novel approach to synthesizing metal chalcogenides. We report the synthesis and characterization of antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) as a sensitizer for titanium dioxide (TiO2) film. The deposition of Sb2S3 was done using the M-CBD method at room temperature. Antimony chloride and sodium sulfide are used as sources of cations and anions, respectively. The deposition of compact TiO2 was carried out using the chemical bath deposition method. A mesoporous layer of TiO2 was deposited using the doctor blade method. Various characterization techniques are utilized to analyze the Sb2S3/TiO2 photoanode. The X-ray diffraction technique confirms the stable orthorhombic phase of Sb2S3, and the purity of the phase is also confirmed by RAMAN spectroscopy. Cost-effective and simple method M-CBD is employed for the synthesis of Sb2S3 is there is no evidence of the senarmontite Sb2O3 phase occurring in the Sb2S3 cluster. The optical properties of Sb2S3/TiO2 photoanodes were studied; they exhibit a band gap of Sb2S3 (100 cycles) 1.98 eV, Sb2S3 (80 cycles) 2.06 eV, and Sb2S3 (60 cycles) 2.09 eV, respectively, calculated from the Tauc plot. Morphological properties and elemental composition analysis of Sb2S3/TiO2 photoanode were confirmed by FESEM and EDS, respectively. The Elemental composition, electronic, chemical, and valence state of the Sb2S3/TiO2 photoelectrode were studied. XPS confirmed the + 4-oxidation state of Ti and the + 3-oxidation state of Sb. For the JV characteristics analysis of the Sb2S3/TiO2 photoanode, we used spray pyrolysis-deposited CuS/FTO film as a counter electrode, and polysulfide was used as an electrolyte. Sb2S3/TiO2 sandwiched solar cells show up to 0.89% photoconversion efficiency. We studied the chronoamperometry to correlate the JV characteristics of the Sb2S3/TiO2 sandwiched solar cell.