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<p>Supercapacitors are emerging as a key solution for next-generation clean energy storage, yet enhancing their capacitance remains a major challenge. In this study, phosphorus-doped NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles were synthesized via a hydrothermal method using different solvents—distilled water, ethanol, and a water–ethanol mixture. Comprehensive characterization techniques including XRD, FE-SEM, EDAX, XPS, TEM, and BET analysis were employed to evaluate the structural, morphological, and surface properties of the samples. Notably, the sample synthesized in ethanol exhibited a high surface area of 81.36 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Electrochemical evaluation using a three-electrode setup in 2&#xa0;M KOH revealed that the ethanol-mediated phosphorus-doped NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> delivered a remarkable specific capacitance of 545.45 Fg<sup>−1</sup> at 1 Ag<sup>−1</sup>. Furthermore, the electrode retained 93.21% of its capacitance after 5,000 cycles, demonstrating excellent cycling stability with the excellent Coulombic efficiency (almost at 95%). These findings highlight the potential of phosphorus-doped NiCo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> as a high-performance electrode material for advanced supercapacitor applications.</p>

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Exploring the potential of non-metal (phosphorus)-doped metal oxide (NiCo2O4) nanoparticles synthesized in various solvents for high-performance supercapacitors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月19日

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  • R. Ananthan,
  • W. Galeb,
  • Sonnu Benny,
  • S. Ezhil Arasi,
  • Joel Trinity Godwin,
  • M. Dinesh Raja,
  • S. Arulmozhi

摘要

Supercapacitors are emerging as a key solution for next-generation clean energy storage, yet enhancing their capacitance remains a major challenge. In this study, phosphorus-doped NiCo2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized via a hydrothermal method using different solvents—distilled water, ethanol, and a water–ethanol mixture. Comprehensive characterization techniques including XRD, FE-SEM, EDAX, XPS, TEM, and BET analysis were employed to evaluate the structural, morphological, and surface properties of the samples. Notably, the sample synthesized in ethanol exhibited a high surface area of 81.36 m2/g. Electrochemical evaluation using a three-electrode setup in 2 M KOH revealed that the ethanol-mediated phosphorus-doped NiCo2O4 delivered a remarkable specific capacitance of 545.45 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1. Furthermore, the electrode retained 93.21% of its capacitance after 5,000 cycles, demonstrating excellent cycling stability with the excellent Coulombic efficiency (almost at 95%). These findings highlight the potential of phosphorus-doped NiCo2O4 as a high-performance electrode material for advanced supercapacitor applications.