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<p>A comparison of M-type hexaferrites synthesised by sol–gel and&#xa0;coprecipitation methods was carried out in order to implicate the nanoparticles for sensory applications. Nickel is substituted in the production of calcium hexaferrites (CaHFs) because nanoparticles (NPs) may be designed with diverse structures using different synthesis techniques and replacements to improve their characteristics. Nickel being a non-toxic dopant enhanced the surface morphology of CaHF NPs observed from scanning electron microscopy. Through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) investigations, the phase and compositions were confirmed, and the development of the hexagonal crystal structure of CaFe<sub>12</sub>O<sub>19</sub> (CaHF) of ~ 69&#xa0;nm of ~ 0.423 average microstrain was estimated. The hysteresis loop (M-H plot) measured when characterised under vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) at ~ 27&#xa0;℃ indicated a drop of 10.9&#xa0;emu/g in magnetisation (M<sub>s</sub>) and upsurge in coercivity (H<sub>c</sub>) 222Oe of CaHFs synthesised by sol–gel auto-combustion mode than that of prepared by coprecipitation method. The parallelism in the permittivity observed in both the techniques decreases with increasing frequency at different temperatures and remains unwavering upto 8&#xa0;MHz. These characteristics of the asynthesised HFs makes them useful in energy storage and sensory applications. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to compute the chemical composition, the chemical states of the elements, electronic structure, density of states and the ionic transfer of Fe and Ni ions are observed. The primary application targeted in this study is the sensing properties of hexaferrites in ECG signals utilising fewer potentially dangerous chemicals. Specifically, calcium hexaferrites show appropriateness in high sensitivity and short responses on substitution with a d-block element to be used in ICs and signal sensing.</p>

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A comprehensive study on magnetic, dielectric and structural composition of Ni-substituted CaFe12O19 nanoparticles synthesised via sol–gel auto-combustion and chemical coprecipitation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月4日

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  • N. Silviya,
  • S. Mahalakshmi,
  • S. Nithyanantham,
  • K. Santhi

摘要

A comparison of M-type hexaferrites synthesised by sol–gel and coprecipitation methods was carried out in order to implicate the nanoparticles for sensory applications. Nickel is substituted in the production of calcium hexaferrites (CaHFs) because nanoparticles (NPs) may be designed with diverse structures using different synthesis techniques and replacements to improve their characteristics. Nickel being a non-toxic dopant enhanced the surface morphology of CaHF NPs observed from scanning electron microscopy. Through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) investigations, the phase and compositions were confirmed, and the development of the hexagonal crystal structure of CaFe12O19 (CaHF) of ~ 69 nm of ~ 0.423 average microstrain was estimated. The hysteresis loop (M-H plot) measured when characterised under vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) at ~ 27 ℃ indicated a drop of 10.9 emu/g in magnetisation (Ms) and upsurge in coercivity (Hc) 222Oe of CaHFs synthesised by sol–gel auto-combustion mode than that of prepared by coprecipitation method. The parallelism in the permittivity observed in both the techniques decreases with increasing frequency at different temperatures and remains unwavering upto 8 MHz. These characteristics of the asynthesised HFs makes them useful in energy storage and sensory applications. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to compute the chemical composition, the chemical states of the elements, electronic structure, density of states and the ionic transfer of Fe and Ni ions are observed. The primary application targeted in this study is the sensing properties of hexaferrites in ECG signals utilising fewer potentially dangerous chemicals. Specifically, calcium hexaferrites show appropriateness in high sensitivity and short responses on substitution with a d-block element to be used in ICs and signal sensing.