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<p>This This study investigates the frequency-dependent electrical and dielectric behaviors of pure zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles synthesized by three distinct methods: sol–gel combined with supercritical drying (ZO-S), auto-combustion using zinc acetate and glycine (ZO-A), and auto-combustion using zinc nitrate and citric acid (ZO-N). The synthesis approach significantly affects the structural, morphological, and electrical properties of the nanoparticles. SEM analysis shows that ZO-S consists of spherical nanoparticles (20–180&#xa0;nm) with high porosity; ZO-A displays uniform spherical morphology; and ZO-N exhibits dual morphology with nanospherical and sheet-like structures. XRD confirms the hexagonal wurtzite phase for all samples, with crystallite sizes of 34&#xa0;nm (ZO-S), 51&#xa0;nm (ZO-A), and 53&#xa0;nm (ZO-N). BET measurements indicate that ZO-S has the highest surface area (13 m<sup>2</sup>/g), pore size (30&#xa0;nm), and pore volume (0.118 cm<sup>3</sup>/g), compared to ZO-A (4 m<sup>2</sup>/g, 15&#xa0;nm, 0.021 cm<sup>3</sup>/g) and ZO-N (5 m<sup>2</sup>/g, 11&#xa0;nm, 0.017 cm<sup>3</sup>/g). Electrical conductivity measurements exhibit a universal power-law dependence. ZO-N shows the highest conductivity due to enhanced grain boundary contribution and favorable microstructural features. Dielectric analysis reveals a strong frequency dependence in the real (ε′) and imaginary (ε′′) parts of permittivity. ZO-S demonstrates the highest ε′ at low frequencies due to interfacial polarization. All samples show decreasing permittivity with increasing frequency, characteristic of dielectric relaxation. The dielectric loss (tan δ) varies with frequency, reflecting the balance between polarization and conduction losses. This work highlights the crucial role of synthesis in tuning ZnO properties for applications in electronics, sensors, and energy storage.</p>

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Tailoring frequency-dependent electrical and dielectric properties of ZnO nanoparticles via diverse chemical syntheses for advanced electronic applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月22日

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  • Sonia Soltani,
  • Mokhtar Hjiri,
  • Sherif S. Aly,
  • E. A. Elghmaz,
  • Abdullah M. Aldukhayel,
  • Nouf Ahmed Althumairi,
  • Anouar Jbeli

摘要

This This study investigates the frequency-dependent electrical and dielectric behaviors of pure zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles synthesized by three distinct methods: sol–gel combined with supercritical drying (ZO-S), auto-combustion using zinc acetate and glycine (ZO-A), and auto-combustion using zinc nitrate and citric acid (ZO-N). The synthesis approach significantly affects the structural, morphological, and electrical properties of the nanoparticles. SEM analysis shows that ZO-S consists of spherical nanoparticles (20–180 nm) with high porosity; ZO-A displays uniform spherical morphology; and ZO-N exhibits dual morphology with nanospherical and sheet-like structures. XRD confirms the hexagonal wurtzite phase for all samples, with crystallite sizes of 34 nm (ZO-S), 51 nm (ZO-A), and 53 nm (ZO-N). BET measurements indicate that ZO-S has the highest surface area (13 m2/g), pore size (30 nm), and pore volume (0.118 cm3/g), compared to ZO-A (4 m2/g, 15 nm, 0.021 cm3/g) and ZO-N (5 m2/g, 11 nm, 0.017 cm3/g). Electrical conductivity measurements exhibit a universal power-law dependence. ZO-N shows the highest conductivity due to enhanced grain boundary contribution and favorable microstructural features. Dielectric analysis reveals a strong frequency dependence in the real (ε′) and imaginary (ε′′) parts of permittivity. ZO-S demonstrates the highest ε′ at low frequencies due to interfacial polarization. All samples show decreasing permittivity with increasing frequency, characteristic of dielectric relaxation. The dielectric loss (tan δ) varies with frequency, reflecting the balance between polarization and conduction losses. This work highlights the crucial role of synthesis in tuning ZnO properties for applications in electronics, sensors, and energy storage.