Since the first charge transfer complex-type molecular conductor made of electron-donor and electron acceptor molecules was discovered, the synthesis, characterization, and uses of charge transfer complexes—particularly in organic electronics—have undergone revolutionary changes. In this study, fluorescein (Flu; S1) alone, as well as fluorescein charge transfer complexes with iodine (I2; S11), 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ; S12), tetrafluoro para benzoquinone (Fla; S13), and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ; S14) mixed poly (methyl methacrylate) polymer sheets made by casting method. The chemical bonding of the synthetic polymeric sheets was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The optical measurements were characterized by spectrophotometric of the transmittance, T (λ), reflectance, R (λ) and absorbance, A (λ) within the wavelength range 1900–2500 nm. The photoluminescence spectra of the polymeric sheets were studied. The indirect allowed optical transition of the polymeric sheet samples dropped with different acceptors were determined by using Tauc’s methods and both absorption spectrum fitting (ASF) and its derivation (DASF) techniques in the UV–VIS–NIR spectra. The features of the dielectric spectroscopy and ac conductivity behaviors of the polymeric sheets are investigated in the frequency range of 100 Hz–6 MHz for temperatures ranging from 293 to 352 K. Electrical conductivity has two operating conduction mechanisms, nearly constant loss (NCL) phenomenon is predominant at exponent frequency, <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10854_2025_15128_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="63" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${S}^{a}\approx 1.1$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> <mi>a</mi> </msup> <mo>≈</mo> <mn>1.1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and quantum mechanical tunneling mechanism at, <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10854_2025_15128_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="70" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${S}^{b}\approx 0.61$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> </mrow> <mi>b</mi> </msup> <mo>≈</mo> <mn>0.61</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> respectively. The objective of this article is to explore the potential use of these PMMA-Flu polymeric sheet samples for energy storage and optoelectronic device applications. Also, to gain a deeper understanding of the nature of the electrical conduction mechanism and how charge transfer complexation doping affects it.

Comprehensive study on the impact of optical and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy of poly (methyl methacrylate)-fluorescein polymeric sheet doped with different acceptors as prospective of energy storage materials

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发表日期：

2025年6月23日

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Ali A. Alkathiri,
Bander Albogami,
Moamen S. Refat,
A. A. Atta,
Tariq A. Altalhi,
A. M. Kamal,
Sultan J. Alsufyani,
Abdulaziz N. Alharbi,
Sahar M. Alsubaie

摘要

Since the first charge transfer complex-type molecular conductor made of electron-donor and electron acceptor molecules was discovered, the synthesis, characterization, and uses of charge transfer complexes—particularly in organic electronics—have undergone revolutionary changes. In this study, fluorescein (Flu; S1) alone, as well as fluorescein charge transfer complexes with iodine (I₂; S11), 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ; S12), tetrafluoro para benzoquinone (Fla; S13), and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ; S14) mixed poly (methyl methacrylate) polymer sheets made by casting method. The chemical bonding of the synthetic polymeric sheets was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The optical measurements were characterized by spectrophotometric of the transmittance, T (λ), reflectance, R (λ) and absorbance, A (λ) within the wavelength range 1900–2500 nm. The photoluminescence spectra of the polymeric sheets were studied. The indirect allowed optical transition of the polymeric sheet samples dropped with different acceptors were determined by using Tauc’s methods and both absorption spectrum fitting (ASF) and its derivation (DASF) techniques in the UV–VIS–NIR spectra. The features of the dielectric spectroscopy and ac conductivity behaviors of the polymeric sheets are investigated in the frequency range of 100 Hz–6 MHz for temperatures ranging from 293 to 352 K. Electrical conductivity has two operating conduction mechanisms, nearly constant loss (NCL) phenomenon is predominant at exponent frequency, ${S}^{a}\approx 1.1$ $S^{a} \approx 1.1$ and quantum mechanical tunneling mechanism at, ${S}^{b}\approx 0.61$ $S^{b} \approx 0.61$ respectively. The objective of this article is to explore the potential use of these PMMA-Flu polymeric sheet samples for energy storage and optoelectronic device applications. Also, to gain a deeper understanding of the nature of the electrical conduction mechanism and how charge transfer complexation doping affects it.