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<p>In this report we present the synthesis, characterization, and application of cost-effective WO<sub>3</sub> thin films prepared by the hydrothermal method as a photoanode in direct water splitting under solar irradiation. Na<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>4</sub>.2H<sub>2</sub>O, NaNO<sub>3</sub>, and HNO<sub>3</sub> were used as starting materials to synthesize WO<sub>3</sub> powder by the hydrothermal method. Hydrothermally prepared WO<sub>3</sub> powder coated on Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) by drop casting followed by annealing in air at 600&#xa0;°C was used as the working electrode in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation to produce hydrogen fuel. The prepared electrode was characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of nanostructured pristine WO<sub>3</sub>. Mott–Schottky analysis confirmed the n-type semiconductivity of the prepared WO<sub>3</sub>. The photoanode of WO<sub>3</sub> prepared on FTO exhibited maximum photocurrent of 120 µA cm<sup>−2</sup> at an applied bias of + 0.6&#xa0;V (Vs Ag/AgCl) under periodic UV–Vis irradiation of 100 mW cm<sup>−2</sup> for water oxidation. High stability was observed for this WO<sub>3</sub> electrode in the water oxidation for continuous periodic illumination over 1&#xa0;h. Further improvements will be carried out by incorporating carbon-supported materials.</p>

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Hydrothermally synthesized WO3 nanocube structures for direct water splitting under solar irradiation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月12日

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  • H. N. M. Sarangika,
  • E. G. O. D. Egodawaththa,
  • H. M. B. I. Gunathilaka,
  • S. Ghosh,
  • C. Bhattacharya

摘要

In this report we present the synthesis, characterization, and application of cost-effective WO3 thin films prepared by the hydrothermal method as a photoanode in direct water splitting under solar irradiation. Na2WO4.2H2O, NaNO3, and HNO3 were used as starting materials to synthesize WO3 powder by the hydrothermal method. Hydrothermally prepared WO3 powder coated on Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO) by drop casting followed by annealing in air at 600 °C was used as the working electrode in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation to produce hydrogen fuel. The prepared electrode was characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of nanostructured pristine WO3. Mott–Schottky analysis confirmed the n-type semiconductivity of the prepared WO3. The photoanode of WO3 prepared on FTO exhibited maximum photocurrent of 120 µA cm−2 at an applied bias of + 0.6 V (Vs Ag/AgCl) under periodic UV–Vis irradiation of 100 mW cm−2 for water oxidation. High stability was observed for this WO3 electrode in the water oxidation for continuous periodic illumination over 1 h. Further improvements will be carried out by incorporating carbon-supported materials.