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<p>This work investigates the production of conductive silver layers at low temperatures by the mechanochemical processing of silver oxide (Ag<sub>2</sub>O) particles. Using modified Ag<sub>2</sub>O particles in a planetary ball mill, a cost-effective method for producing a self-reducing polymer paste is developed. Milling for 5, 10, or 15&#xa0;h results in smaller particles and increased surface activity, which enables effective Ag<sub>2</sub>O reduction at low temperatures. A paste containing 70% AgO particles milled for 5&#xa0;h exhibits long-term stability and forms conductive silver layers in 25&#xa0;min at 130&#xa0;°C. Heat and reducing agents reduce Ag<sub>2</sub>O to Ag, achieving a sheet resistance of 21.794&#xa0;mΩ/□ with 2 printed layers. After two months, stability tests validate the paste’s rheological stability. These results demonstrate the possibility of creating flexible silver layers using a low-cost Ag<sub>2</sub>O-based paste, offering a sustainable and efficient approach for low-cost electronics. The most appropriate milling time is 5&#xa0;h, producing particles suitable for printing (0.252–6.325&#xa0;<i>µ</i>m).</p>

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Effect of mechanochemical milling on the properties of Ag₂O self-reducing pastes for conductive layers in flexible electronics

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月22日

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  • Alena Pietrikova,
  • Peter Provazek,
  • Peter Lukacs,
  • Daniel Dzivy,
  • Karel Saksl,
  • Beata Ballokova,
  • Robert Dzunda,
  • Peter Nemergut

摘要

This work investigates the production of conductive silver layers at low temperatures by the mechanochemical processing of silver oxide (Ag2O) particles. Using modified Ag2O particles in a planetary ball mill, a cost-effective method for producing a self-reducing polymer paste is developed. Milling for 5, 10, or 15 h results in smaller particles and increased surface activity, which enables effective Ag2O reduction at low temperatures. A paste containing 70% AgO particles milled for 5 h exhibits long-term stability and forms conductive silver layers in 25 min at 130 °C. Heat and reducing agents reduce Ag2O to Ag, achieving a sheet resistance of 21.794 mΩ/□ with 2 printed layers. After two months, stability tests validate the paste’s rheological stability. These results demonstrate the possibility of creating flexible silver layers using a low-cost Ag2O-based paste, offering a sustainable and efficient approach for low-cost electronics. The most appropriate milling time is 5 h, producing particles suitable for printing (0.252–6.325 µm).