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<p>A scalable strategy is proposed for preparing ultra-flexible transparent heaters (THs) with ZnO-Ag core–shell nanowires (ZnO@Ag NWs) embedded in polyvinylidene fluoride composite films. The obtained THs exhibit a high average transmittance of 85.8% in the visible spectral range and excellent heating performance. The maximum saturation temperature can reach 153&#xa0;°C within 10&#xa0;s at an input voltage of 4.0&#xa0;V. Furthermore, the saturation temperature of THs has not changed significantly after 1000 bending cycles with a curvature radius of 0.5&#xa0;mm, demonstrating excellent mechanical flexibility. In particular, the THs possess environmental endurance, and no significant deterioration in performance can be found after exposure to high humidity (relative humidity: 85%) and ultraviolet ozone (254 and 185&#xa0;nm) irradiation for 10&#xa0;h, which is attributed to the protective role provided by the covering of ZnO shells on the Ag NWs. These outstanding parameters make the fabricated THs to be promising for application in wearable systems, medical thermotherapy pads and industrial defrosters.</p>

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High reliable and ultra-flexible transparent heaters composed of ZnO-Ag core–shell nanowires and PVDF films

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月27日

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  • Haoran Zheng,
  • Shihui Yu,
  • Jinke Bai

摘要

A scalable strategy is proposed for preparing ultra-flexible transparent heaters (THs) with ZnO-Ag core–shell nanowires (ZnO@Ag NWs) embedded in polyvinylidene fluoride composite films. The obtained THs exhibit a high average transmittance of 85.8% in the visible spectral range and excellent heating performance. The maximum saturation temperature can reach 153 °C within 10 s at an input voltage of 4.0 V. Furthermore, the saturation temperature of THs has not changed significantly after 1000 bending cycles with a curvature radius of 0.5 mm, demonstrating excellent mechanical flexibility. In particular, the THs possess environmental endurance, and no significant deterioration in performance can be found after exposure to high humidity (relative humidity: 85%) and ultraviolet ozone (254 and 185 nm) irradiation for 10 h, which is attributed to the protective role provided by the covering of ZnO shells on the Ag NWs. These outstanding parameters make the fabricated THs to be promising for application in wearable systems, medical thermotherapy pads and industrial defrosters.