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<p>This study systematically investigates the effects of strain rate (from 1.67 × 10⁻5 to 10⁻1&#xa0;s⁻1) on the tensile deformation and fracture behavior of β-Sn-based dual-phase alloys including Sn5Sb, Sn25Sb, Sn37Pb, and Sn58Bi. Both pure Sn and Sn5Sb exhibit an increased elongation with rising the strain rate, while Sn25Sb, Sn37Pb, and Sn58Bi display inversely a reduced ductility. At low strain rates, Sn37Pb and Sn58Bi demonstrate a superplastic behavior characterized by the stress index <i>n</i> values of 3.4 and 4.3, respectively, indicating a dominant deformation mechanism involving grain boundary migration/slip and dislocation climb. At high strain rates, their stress indices abruptly increase to 12.6 and 15.3, suggesting a transition to dislocation slip-controlled deformation. Pure Sn, Sn5Sb, and Sn37Pb maintain ductile fracture throughout the tested strain range, whereas Sn25Sb exhibits a brittle fracture under all loading rates. Notably, Sn58Bi shows a strain rate-dependent fracture mode transition: brittle fracture predominates at low strain rates but shifts to quasi-brittle fracture at elevated rates, revealing its unique strain rate-sensitive fracture mechanism.</p>

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Rate-dependent mechanical behavior of dual-phase structure of Sn interconnect materials

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月10日

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  • Xin Zhang,
  • Hongbo Lu,
  • Xiaobin Luo,
  • Yuanwei Jia,
  • Yongxia Yu,
  • Yingen Feng,
  • Zaki I. Zaki,
  • Mohamed E. Khalifa,
  • Mohammed A. Amin,
  • Jinzhi Peng,
  • Y. L. Wang,
  • Xiaojing Wang,
  • Zhanhu Guo

摘要

This study systematically investigates the effects of strain rate (from 1.67 × 10⁻5 to 10⁻1 s⁻1) on the tensile deformation and fracture behavior of β-Sn-based dual-phase alloys including Sn5Sb, Sn25Sb, Sn37Pb, and Sn58Bi. Both pure Sn and Sn5Sb exhibit an increased elongation with rising the strain rate, while Sn25Sb, Sn37Pb, and Sn58Bi display inversely a reduced ductility. At low strain rates, Sn37Pb and Sn58Bi demonstrate a superplastic behavior characterized by the stress index n values of 3.4 and 4.3, respectively, indicating a dominant deformation mechanism involving grain boundary migration/slip and dislocation climb. At high strain rates, their stress indices abruptly increase to 12.6 and 15.3, suggesting a transition to dislocation slip-controlled deformation. Pure Sn, Sn5Sb, and Sn37Pb maintain ductile fracture throughout the tested strain range, whereas Sn25Sb exhibits a brittle fracture under all loading rates. Notably, Sn58Bi shows a strain rate-dependent fracture mode transition: brittle fracture predominates at low strain rates but shifts to quasi-brittle fracture at elevated rates, revealing its unique strain rate-sensitive fracture mechanism.