Microstructures of Sn-5Sb/Sn-58Bi mixed solder and its interfacial reaction with copper
摘要
Thermally induced dynamic warpage is a critical reliability issue for large-size and multi-level package structures. Reduction of soldering temperature with low temperature solder (LTS) is a potential solution to reduce the impacts of package warpage. The LTS process is implemented by using a low temperature solder paste screen-printed on the board to bond the ball-grid-array (BGA) solder balls attached on the package side. In this study, eutectic SnBi solder (15.8 mg) was used to bond with Sn-5 wt.% Sb solder ball (22 mg) at 160 °C, 180 °C, and 200 °C for 3 min, after which the microstructural evolution of mixed solder was investigated using microscopic observation and phase diagrams. The mixed solder joined to the Cu substrate was heated at 125 °C for up to 480 h to observe the growth of intermetallic compounds at the joint interface. Fully mixed solder with a composition of Sn-24.3 wt.% Bi-2.9 wt.% Sb was observed at the soldering temperature of 200 °C, producing a two-phase microstructure of bulky (Bi) phase dispersed in the continuous (Sn) matrix in the solidified alloy, with Sb dissolving in the two phases. The Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn phases were formed at the solder/Cu interface, while the Cu3Sn phase exhibited a very sluggish growth rate compared to that of Cu6Sn5. Solid-state aging at 125 °C increased the solubility of Bi in Sn, reducing the quantity of bulky (Bi) particles while producing many fine (Bi) precipitates in the solidified alloy.