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<p>This study investigated the influence of carbon quantum dot (CQD) deposition onto ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles with respect to photocatalysis and sonocatalysis using methyl orange (MO) degradation as a model dye. The synthesized composites demonstrated enhanced catalytic activity compared to pristine ZrO<sub>2</sub>, with a 0.1% mass fraction of CQDs, achieving the highest degradation efficiency of 83% under photocatalytic conditions (222&#xa0;nm UV light) after 80&#xa0;min of reaction and 90% under sonocatalytic conditions (200&#xa0;kHz ultrasound) after 40&#xa0;min of reaction. The catalysts retained over 80% of their initial activity after five cycles, indicating excellent reusability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis revealed that superoxide radicals (O<sub>2</sub><sup>•−</sup>) were the primary reactive species responsible for dye degradation, as confirmed by scavenger experiments. These findings underscore the potential application of CQD-modified ZrO<sub>2</sub> composites in environmental remediation by effectively addressing organic pollutant degradation.</p>

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Carbon quantum dot-decorated zirconia nanoparticles for photo- and sonocatalytic dye degradation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月13日

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  • Melanie Pagel,
  • Shuxuan Song,
  • Naoki Sumida,
  • Hideya Kawasaki

摘要

This study investigated the influence of carbon quantum dot (CQD) deposition onto ZrO2 nanoparticles with respect to photocatalysis and sonocatalysis using methyl orange (MO) degradation as a model dye. The synthesized composites demonstrated enhanced catalytic activity compared to pristine ZrO2, with a 0.1% mass fraction of CQDs, achieving the highest degradation efficiency of 83% under photocatalytic conditions (222 nm UV light) after 80 min of reaction and 90% under sonocatalytic conditions (200 kHz ultrasound) after 40 min of reaction. The catalysts retained over 80% of their initial activity after five cycles, indicating excellent reusability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis revealed that superoxide radicals (O2•−) were the primary reactive species responsible for dye degradation, as confirmed by scavenger experiments. These findings underscore the potential application of CQD-modified ZrO2 composites in environmental remediation by effectively addressing organic pollutant degradation.