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<p>A series of Zn/Mg co-substituted CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spinel ferrites, denoted Cu<sub>1−3x</sub>Zn<sub>2x</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = 0.0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12, and 0.15), were synthesized using the sol–gel method. The structural, optical, and magnetic properties of the synthesized ferrites were found to be improved by the selective Zn/Mg co-substitution content by modulation of the atomic arrangement of the CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spinel ferrites. The structural analysis indicates a structural phase transition from the tetragonal structure with <i>I</i>4<sub>1</sub>/<i>amd</i> space group to the cubic structure with <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10854_2025_14476_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="48" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(Fd\overline{3}m\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>F</mi> <mi>d</mi> <mover> <mn>3</mn> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mi>m</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> space group as the co-substitution of Zn/Mg ions increases. This phase transition was further confirmed by the results obtained from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, which provided clear evidence of the structural changes induced by ion substitution. Additionally, the optical properties of the synthesized CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spinel ferrites with Zn/Mg co-substitution were examined using UV–Vis spectroscopy. The bandgap energy values ranged from 1.27 to 1.76&#xa0;eV, which were found to be strongly influenced by the co-substitution levels of Zn and Mg in the samples. The magnetic properties of the co-substituted CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spinel ferrite nanoparticles were found to be strongly dependent on the Zn/Mg co-substitution levels, revealing a transition from hard to soft magnetic phases as the substitution levels were increased.</p>

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A synergetic impact of Zn/Mg co-substitution on enhancement physical properties of CuFe2O4 spinel ferrites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月3日

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  • Masoud Yahya,
  • Ahmad Gholizadeh

摘要

A series of Zn/Mg co-substituted CuFe2O4 spinel ferrites, denoted Cu1−3xZn2xMgxFe2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12, and 0.15), were synthesized using the sol–gel method. The structural, optical, and magnetic properties of the synthesized ferrites were found to be improved by the selective Zn/Mg co-substitution content by modulation of the atomic arrangement of the CuFe2O4 spinel ferrites. The structural analysis indicates a structural phase transition from the tetragonal structure with I41/amd space group to the cubic structure with \(Fd\overline{3}m\) F d 3 ¯ m space group as the co-substitution of Zn/Mg ions increases. This phase transition was further confirmed by the results obtained from Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, which provided clear evidence of the structural changes induced by ion substitution. Additionally, the optical properties of the synthesized CuFe2O4 spinel ferrites with Zn/Mg co-substitution were examined using UV–Vis spectroscopy. The bandgap energy values ranged from 1.27 to 1.76 eV, which were found to be strongly influenced by the co-substitution levels of Zn and Mg in the samples. The magnetic properties of the co-substituted CuFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanoparticles were found to be strongly dependent on the Zn/Mg co-substitution levels, revealing a transition from hard to soft magnetic phases as the substitution levels were increased.