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<p>Green synthesis approaches in nanotechnology are pivotal for advancing sustainable material production. This study explores the preparation of eco-friendly, transparent, double-layered TiO<sub>2</sub> thin films using banana (<i>Musa acuminata</i>) leaf extract as a bio-reducing and stabilizing agent. Employing a sol–gel spin-coating method, thin films were deposited on glass substrate by varying spin speeds (1000, 2000, and 3000&#xa0;rpm) to assess the impact of RPM on their optical and morphological properties. Characterization using UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed that the film synthesized at 2000&#xa0;rpm achieved the highest transmittance (85.43%) and the lowest absorbance (0.11%), indicating its superior anti-reflection coating (ARC) properties. Also, energy bandgap calculated as ~ 3.34, 3.5, and 3.35&#xa0;eV using the Tauc equation. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups like hydroxyl, carboxylate, and Ti–O–Ti linkages, signifying the successful integration of bio-derived compounds in the thin films. SEM imaging demonstrated distinct morphological features, with films at 2000&#xa0;rpm displaying smooth surfaces and uniform leaf-like structures, while those at 3000&#xa0;rpm exhibited enhanced structural thickness. This study highlights the potential of banana leaf extract as a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to conventional chemical synthesis routes for TiO<sub>2</sub> thin films. The resulting films exhibit promising properties for electrical applications in ARC, thermal reflectors, and optical filters. By systematically varying synthesis parameters, the study underscores the feasibility of optimizing film morphology and optical performance for targeted applications. These findings contribute to the growing field of green nanotechnology, offering a novel approach to producing functional materials with minimal environmental impact at nanoscale level engineering. Future research could further investigate the mechanistic roles of bioactive compounds in enhancing thin-film properties and expand their application scope in energy and environmental technologies.</p>

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Sol–gel spin-coated transparent double-layered and eco-friendly TiO2 thin films using banana (Musa acuminata) leaves extract for anti-reflection coating (ARC)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月15日

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  • S. Saravanan,
  • V. Swaminadham,
  • R. Sanjeev Kumar,
  • Ch. Venkateswara Rao

摘要

Green synthesis approaches in nanotechnology are pivotal for advancing sustainable material production. This study explores the preparation of eco-friendly, transparent, double-layered TiO2 thin films using banana (Musa acuminata) leaf extract as a bio-reducing and stabilizing agent. Employing a sol–gel spin-coating method, thin films were deposited on glass substrate by varying spin speeds (1000, 2000, and 3000 rpm) to assess the impact of RPM on their optical and morphological properties. Characterization using UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed that the film synthesized at 2000 rpm achieved the highest transmittance (85.43%) and the lowest absorbance (0.11%), indicating its superior anti-reflection coating (ARC) properties. Also, energy bandgap calculated as ~ 3.34, 3.5, and 3.35 eV using the Tauc equation. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups like hydroxyl, carboxylate, and Ti–O–Ti linkages, signifying the successful integration of bio-derived compounds in the thin films. SEM imaging demonstrated distinct morphological features, with films at 2000 rpm displaying smooth surfaces and uniform leaf-like structures, while those at 3000 rpm exhibited enhanced structural thickness. This study highlights the potential of banana leaf extract as a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to conventional chemical synthesis routes for TiO2 thin films. The resulting films exhibit promising properties for electrical applications in ARC, thermal reflectors, and optical filters. By systematically varying synthesis parameters, the study underscores the feasibility of optimizing film morphology and optical performance for targeted applications. These findings contribute to the growing field of green nanotechnology, offering a novel approach to producing functional materials with minimal environmental impact at nanoscale level engineering. Future research could further investigate the mechanistic roles of bioactive compounds in enhancing thin-film properties and expand their application scope in energy and environmental technologies.