<p>Quantum dots (QDs) and nanoparticles (NPs) including carbon dots (c-dots), nanospheres, nanowires, nanorods, etc. have garnered significant attention due to their unique optical and electronic properties, making them promising candidates for enhancing the functionality of liquid crystals (LCs)-based devices. Herein, this review provides an overview of the electro-optical (EO) and dielectric properties of these composites, highlighting the improvements in threshold and operating voltages; opaque and transparent states; contrast ratio; response time, etc. brought about by the inclusion of various types of NPs. Further sections are delved into the synthesis and dispersion methods of QDs in LCs, along with the challenges and solutions associated with achieving stable and uniform dispersions. In addition, the potential applications of QDs, c-dots, NPs, and nanorods in nematic LCs as dopants are explored, examining their impact on the performance characteristics of the composites. The integration of these dopants into nematic LCs have been discussed and showed the enhancement of conductivity, dielectric anisotropy, and dielectric strength, and reduces the field screening effect, paving the way for their application in various optoelectronic devices such as quantum computing, photovoltaic devices, LC displays (LCDs), and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). This review provides valuable insights into the utilization of QDs and related NPs with nematic LC composites, underscoring their potential for sustainability and innovation in advanced energy-efficient optoelectronic applications.</p>