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<p>A series of lead-free [(Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>)<sub>0.94</sub> Ba<sub>0.06</sub>]<sub>(1-<i>x</i>)</sub>La<sub>x</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> (abbreviated as BNBTLa) with <i>x</i> = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 piezoelectric compound were synthesized using solid solution method. The structure, electromechanical and electrical properties were studied in detail. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed a rhombohedral symmetry for undoped, while La-doped compositions displayed a pseudocubic phase. The field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) of BNBTLa compound presented a decrease in grain size from 1.01&#xa0;μm (<i>x</i> = 0), to 0.82&#xa0;μm (<i>x</i> = 0.04). The ferroelectric-relaxor transition temperature (TF-R) shifted down to room temperature and the diffusivity (γ) values ranged between 1 and 2. The P-E hysteresis loops profile became slimmer with the doping of La contents with reduction in remnant polarization <i>P</i><sub>r</sub> and coercive field (<i>E</i><sub>C</sub>). A normalized strain of 485&#xa0;pm/V was found for the sample <i>x</i> = 0.03. These characteristics of the BNBTLa system signified a transition from the ferroelectric to the relaxor phase. Therefore, the prepared ceramics offered extendable availability for environmental friendly capacitors, sensors and actuators.</p>

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Dielectric, strain engineering and microstructural studies of La modified (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94 Ba0.06TiO3 relaxor ferroelectrics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月30日

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  • Muhammad Ibrar,
  • Amir Ullah,
  • Mateen Ullah,
  • Muneeb ur Rehman,
  • Aman Ullah,
  • Atta ur Rahman,
  • Amir Sohail Khan,
  • Chang Won Ahn

摘要

A series of lead-free [(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94 Ba0.06](1-x)LaxTiO3 (abbreviated as BNBTLa) with x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 piezoelectric compound were synthesized using solid solution method. The structure, electromechanical and electrical properties were studied in detail. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed a rhombohedral symmetry for undoped, while La-doped compositions displayed a pseudocubic phase. The field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) of BNBTLa compound presented a decrease in grain size from 1.01 μm (x = 0), to 0.82 μm (x = 0.04). The ferroelectric-relaxor transition temperature (TF-R) shifted down to room temperature and the diffusivity (γ) values ranged between 1 and 2. The P-E hysteresis loops profile became slimmer with the doping of La contents with reduction in remnant polarization Pr and coercive field (EC). A normalized strain of 485 pm/V was found for the sample x = 0.03. These characteristics of the BNBTLa system signified a transition from the ferroelectric to the relaxor phase. Therefore, the prepared ceramics offered extendable availability for environmental friendly capacitors, sensors and actuators.