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<p>This work deals with the increase in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) efficiency by incorporating niobium (Nb) into palladium (Pd) counter electrode (CE). The CE was prepared via liquid phase deposition (LPD) assisted with dipping technique. The influence of the concentration of K<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>6</sub> precursor the efficiency of the device using Pd CE has been studied. The effect of C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NNbO<sub>9</sub> <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10854_2025_14298_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{x}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">x</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> H<sub>2</sub>O precursor on the properties of NbPd and the efficiency of the device using NbPd has also been studied. The device using NbPd prepared with 1.25&#xa0;mM C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NNbO<sub>9</sub> <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10854_2025_14298_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{x}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">x</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> H<sub>2</sub>O demonstrated the highest efficiency of 6.7%, beating that of the device using Pd that was 2.4%. This is due to 1.25&#xa0;mM C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NNbO<sub>9</sub> <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10854_2025_14298_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal{x}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">x</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> H<sub>2</sub>O-based device possesses the highest number of crystal, smallest crystallite size and particle size of PdNb, smallest charge transfer resistance (<i>R</i><sub>ct</sub>), highest <i>R</i><sub>cr</sub> and longest carrier lifetime (<i>τ</i>). This signifies that NbPd is suitable CE candidate for DSSC.</p>

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Efficient dye-sensitized solar cells using niobium-palladium binary alloy films counter electrode

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月24日

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  • A. N. Efandi,
  • E. R. Mawarnis,
  • N. A. S. Aziz,
  • M. Y. A. Rahman,
  • A. G. Ismail,
  • J. Sampe

摘要

This work deals with the increase in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) efficiency by incorporating niobium (Nb) into palladium (Pd) counter electrode (CE). The CE was prepared via liquid phase deposition (LPD) assisted with dipping technique. The influence of the concentration of K2PtCl6 precursor the efficiency of the device using Pd CE has been studied. The effect of C4H4NNbO9 \(\mathcal{x}\) x H2O precursor on the properties of NbPd and the efficiency of the device using NbPd has also been studied. The device using NbPd prepared with 1.25 mM C4H4NNbO9 \(\mathcal{x}\) x H2O demonstrated the highest efficiency of 6.7%, beating that of the device using Pd that was 2.4%. This is due to 1.25 mM C4H4NNbO9 \(\mathcal{x}\) x H2O-based device possesses the highest number of crystal, smallest crystallite size and particle size of PdNb, smallest charge transfer resistance (Rct), highest Rcr and longest carrier lifetime (τ). This signifies that NbPd is suitable CE candidate for DSSC.