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<p>Ultrafine CuIn<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>M<sub><i>x</i></sub>S<sub>2</sub> (M = Al, V, Cr, Bi, Ce) powders were synthesized using a simple one-step molten salt method. Potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) served as the solvent, sulfurizing agent, and reducing agent. The effects of reaction temperature, dwell time, salt-to-reactant ratio, and copper source on the CuInS<sub>2</sub> formation were investigated in detail. Single-phase CuIn<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>M<sub><i>x</i></sub>S<sub>2</sub> (M =  Cr, Ce) powders were synthesized by reacting CuCl<sub>2</sub> and InCl<sub>3</sub> with molten KSCN at 400&#xa0;°C for 24&#xa0;h, using the molar ratio KSCN/Cu = 15. The synthesis temperature (400&#xa0;°C) is significantly lower than the temperature required for the solid-state reaction (greater than 1100&#xa0;°C). Rietveld refinement of the XRD data confirmed that the Ce<sup>3+</sup> and Cr<sup>3+</sup> are successfully incorporated into the CuInS<sub>2</sub> structure. The prepared powders consist of nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 40 to 65&#xa0;nm. The band gap energies measured using UV–visible spectroscopy were 1.51&#xa0;eV for the undoped sample, 1.43&#xa0;eV for the 5% Cr-doped sample, and 1.46&#xa0;eV for the 5% Ce-doped sample. The M-doped CuInS<sub>2</sub> samples exhibit optical properties suitable for applications in solar cells or optoelectronic devices.</p>

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Low-temperature synthesis, structural refinement, and optical properties of CuIn1−xMxS2 (M = Al, V, Cr, Bi, Ce) nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月28日

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  • Mohamed Benchikhi

摘要

Ultrafine CuIn1−xMxS2 (M = Al, V, Cr, Bi, Ce) powders were synthesized using a simple one-step molten salt method. Potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) served as the solvent, sulfurizing agent, and reducing agent. The effects of reaction temperature, dwell time, salt-to-reactant ratio, and copper source on the CuInS2 formation were investigated in detail. Single-phase CuIn1−xMxS2 (M =  Cr, Ce) powders were synthesized by reacting CuCl2 and InCl3 with molten KSCN at 400 °C for 24 h, using the molar ratio KSCN/Cu = 15. The synthesis temperature (400 °C) is significantly lower than the temperature required for the solid-state reaction (greater than 1100 °C). Rietveld refinement of the XRD data confirmed that the Ce3+ and Cr3+ are successfully incorporated into the CuInS2 structure. The prepared powders consist of nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 40 to 65 nm. The band gap energies measured using UV–visible spectroscopy were 1.51 eV for the undoped sample, 1.43 eV for the 5% Cr-doped sample, and 1.46 eV for the 5% Ce-doped sample. The M-doped CuInS2 samples exhibit optical properties suitable for applications in solar cells or optoelectronic devices.