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<p>Present research reports the synthesis of the Cu-doped SnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (NPs) via Co-precipitation method. Characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Photoluminescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV–vis spectrophotometry were utilized to analyse the synthesized samples. Dielectric properties were examined using an impedance analyzer under ambient conditions with their behavior elucidated through the application of the Maxwell–Wagner model. Reduction in the size of Cole–Cole plot of Cu-doped SnO<sub>2</sub> NPs is observed which suggests the influence of both grain and grain boundary effects on the conduction mechanism. The 5&#xa0;wt% Cu-doped NPs exhibited optimal dielectric constant (K), ac conductivity and dielectric loss. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of synthesized samples is measured for the degradation of crystal violet (CV) dye under sunlight irradiation. The maximum photocatalytic performance with degradation efficiency of 95% in 105&#xa0;min is shown by 15&#xa0;wt% Cu-SnO<sub>2</sub> NPs. The factors influencing the photocatalytic degradation of CV dye were explored, including effect of pH, adsorbent dosage and dye concentration. Additionally, the results from quenching experiments with different scavengers revealed that <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10854_2025_14288_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="38" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(^\circ OH\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mo>∘</mo> </mmultiscripts> <mi>O</mi> <mi>H</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> radical were primarily responsible for the degradation of CV dye, while <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10854_2025_14288_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="32" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({}^{o}O_{2}^{ - }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mmultiscripts> <mrow /> <mrow /> <mi>o</mi> </mmultiscripts> <msubsup> <mi>O</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mo>-</mo> </msubsup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and h<sup>+</sup> contributed to a lesser extent. Incorporating Cu ions into the SnO₂ lattice induces structural changes, such as oxygen vacancies and band structure alterations. These modifications enhanced dielectric properties by boosting polarization and charge carrier mobility while improving photocatalytic activity through bandgap reduction and efficient electron–hole pair separation.</p>

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Investigation of the effect of Cu doping on dielectric and photocatalytic behaviour of SnO2 nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月31日

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  • Ruchi Bisht,
  • G. C. Joshi,
  • Chandra Shekhar Joshi

摘要

Present research reports the synthesis of the Cu-doped SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) via Co-precipitation method. Characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Photoluminescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV–vis spectrophotometry were utilized to analyse the synthesized samples. Dielectric properties were examined using an impedance analyzer under ambient conditions with their behavior elucidated through the application of the Maxwell–Wagner model. Reduction in the size of Cole–Cole plot of Cu-doped SnO2 NPs is observed which suggests the influence of both grain and grain boundary effects on the conduction mechanism. The 5 wt% Cu-doped NPs exhibited optimal dielectric constant (K), ac conductivity and dielectric loss. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of synthesized samples is measured for the degradation of crystal violet (CV) dye under sunlight irradiation. The maximum photocatalytic performance with degradation efficiency of 95% in 105 min is shown by 15 wt% Cu-SnO2 NPs. The factors influencing the photocatalytic degradation of CV dye were explored, including effect of pH, adsorbent dosage and dye concentration. Additionally, the results from quenching experiments with different scavengers revealed that \(^\circ OH\) ∘ O H radical were primarily responsible for the degradation of CV dye, while \({}^{o}O_{2}^{ - }\) o O 2 - and h+ contributed to a lesser extent. Incorporating Cu ions into the SnO₂ lattice induces structural changes, such as oxygen vacancies and band structure alterations. These modifications enhanced dielectric properties by boosting polarization and charge carrier mobility while improving photocatalytic activity through bandgap reduction and efficient electron–hole pair separation.