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<p>The development of X band (8.2–12.4&#xa0;GHz) electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials with small thickness and effective absorption bandwidth is crucial for the advancement of portable electronic devices and stealth materials. This study uses an ultrasonic approach and electrostatic self-assembly to create a three-dimensional network structured film, integrating points (liquid metal, LM; nickel particles, Ni), lines (bacterial cellulose, BC), and surfaces (graphene oxide, GO) through vacuum filtration and freeze-drying. In the Ni/LM/GO/BC composite films, BC and GO serve as “donors” for LM anchoring and packaging, while also providing the basic “skeleton” or “grid” for constructing the three-dimensional structures. This resulted in the formation of numerous heterogeneous interfaces and conductive networks among BC, GO, and the metal particles. The GO/BC (GB) film exhibits poor electromagnetic wave absorption performance and does not meet the required standards. However, when LM was added alone, the performance improved, and the EAB extended across the X band. The introduction of magnetic Ni nanoparticles further enhanced the EWA capacity, owing to the combined dielectric and magnetic loss mechanism. The composite film achieved a minimum reflection loss of −&#xa0;43.56&#xa0;dB at 2.8&#xa0;mm and an EAB of 4.2&#xa0;GHz, effectively covering the X band. The enhanced EWA performance can be attributed to the synergistic effects of dielectric loss, magnetic loss, interfacial polarization, and the multilayer structure. This study demonstrates that a promising wideband EMW absorbing film was developed by exploiting the synergistic electromagnetic effects.</p>

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Entire X broadband and high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbing nickel/liquid metal/graphene oxide/bacterial cellulose composite films

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月17日

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  • Mengxia Guo,
  • Xiaoqin Guo,
  • Huicong Niu,
  • Zhongyi Bai,
  • Shuaike Li,
  • Yumei Ren,
  • Hao Zhang,
  • Jiushuai Deng

摘要

The development of X band (8.2–12.4 GHz) electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials with small thickness and effective absorption bandwidth is crucial for the advancement of portable electronic devices and stealth materials. This study uses an ultrasonic approach and electrostatic self-assembly to create a three-dimensional network structured film, integrating points (liquid metal, LM; nickel particles, Ni), lines (bacterial cellulose, BC), and surfaces (graphene oxide, GO) through vacuum filtration and freeze-drying. In the Ni/LM/GO/BC composite films, BC and GO serve as “donors” for LM anchoring and packaging, while also providing the basic “skeleton” or “grid” for constructing the three-dimensional structures. This resulted in the formation of numerous heterogeneous interfaces and conductive networks among BC, GO, and the metal particles. The GO/BC (GB) film exhibits poor electromagnetic wave absorption performance and does not meet the required standards. However, when LM was added alone, the performance improved, and the EAB extended across the X band. The introduction of magnetic Ni nanoparticles further enhanced the EWA capacity, owing to the combined dielectric and magnetic loss mechanism. The composite film achieved a minimum reflection loss of − 43.56 dB at 2.8 mm and an EAB of 4.2 GHz, effectively covering the X band. The enhanced EWA performance can be attributed to the synergistic effects of dielectric loss, magnetic loss, interfacial polarization, and the multilayer structure. This study demonstrates that a promising wideband EMW absorbing film was developed by exploiting the synergistic electromagnetic effects.