Multifunctional applications of bismuth vanadate nanoparticles: enhanced photocatalytic, good sensor and supercapacitor property

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO₄) nanoparticles have been made in an extremely easy, affordable, and environmentally friendly way by using the precipitation process. Here, we synthesized BiVO₄ nanoparticles using the fuel that was extracted from Samanea saman. Ammonium metavanadate and bismuth nitrate were the precursors. The synthesized BiVO₄ nanoparticles were analyzed using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and it was found that they are monoclinic. The formation of Bi-O bonds in the sample is confirmed by FTIR. EDS and scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM) morphological studies confirm the elemental composition and purity. By applying BET analysis, the pore size, pore volume, and surface area of BiVO₄ were confirmed. Raman spectroscopy was used for analyzing the crystalline properties. Applications of photocatalytic property of BiVO₄ was investigated using methylene blue as an organic pollutant for photodegradation by varying dye concentration, catalyst concentration, pH and also did scavenging activity and detection of OH radical. Synthesized BiVO₄ acts as an outstanding photocatalyst to remove the pollutants up to 98% in 180 min. Synthesized BiVO₄ also exhibits sensing activity, signifying oxidation and reduction peaks for dopamine hence acts as a good sensor. Also, this nanomaterial can be used to identify the heavy metals which is hazardous to the environment like ascorbic acid lead nitrate. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed the synthesized BiVO₄ is a good supercapacitor. Due to their electrochemical properties, synthesized BiVO₄ serves as an electrode for sensing carboxymethyl cellulose.