Optical and structural characterization of chemical components of Calotropis procera on semi-organic single crystal

Semi-organic single crystal of Erukkum Poo (Calotropis procera)-mediated urea-doped potassium hydrogen phthalate (KUE) were developed using a slow evaporation technique. The Structural analysis confirmed the orthorhombic shape and space group Pca21, as well as the lattice parameters a = 9.65 Å, b = 13.37 Å, c = 6.49 Å, and α = β = γ = 90° of the formed crystal. The mean size of the crystallite and microstrain of the material were determined and associated through the Debye–Scherrer, Williamson-Hall, along with size-strain plot methods. The FTIR spectrum indicates the existence of the main functional groups, with slight distortion attributed to the dopants. An analysis using UV–vis revealed that the produced crystallized substance had a lowered cut-off wavelength of 270 nm and a band gap of 4.7 eV. A nonlinear optical investigation found that the SHG efficiency is 3.2 times greater than that of KHP. The dielectric properties of the material were tested at room temperature over a frequency range of 50 Hz to 5 MHz. There was a hopping of localized charge carriers and an exponential drop in the dielectric constant and dielectric loss with increasing frequency. The outcomes of the experiment exhibit the KUE crystal potential for photonics applications.