Di-/piezo-/ferro-electric and magnetic properties of Yttrium doped 0.49BiFeO₃-0.20Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.31PbTiO₃ ternary ceramic at MPB

Yttrium (1 mol %) -doped 0.49BiFeO₃-0.20Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.31PbTiO₃ ceramic at the morphotropic phase boundary was synthesized by a solid-state reaction via columbite precursor technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FESEM analysis confirmed a perovskite phase in the P1m1 space group with a homogeneous microstructure sintered at 920 °C. Rietveld refinement yield lattice parameters a = 3.95984 Å, b = 3.93828 Å, c = 4.04466 Å, α = 90.000°, β = 89.970°, γ = 90.000°. Studies of dielectric permittivity and ferroelectric hysteresis at room temperature shows Y doping impact, exhibiting low dielectric loss and a saturated hysteresis loop. The synthesized sample remains fatigue-free over 10⁴ cycles, with a high value of converse piezoelectric coefficient of d₃₃^* ̴ 723 pm/V. Weak ferromagnetism is observed in the magnetic hysteresis loop (M-H) at room temperature, suggesting potential applications in ferroelectric-based technologies.