Enhancing energy storage performance in BaTiO₃ ceramics via Mg and La co-doping strategy

This work employs the conventional solid-state reaction method to synthesize Ba_0.92La_0.08Ti_0.95Mg_0.05O₃ (BLMT5) ceramics. The goal is to investigate how defect dipoles affect the ability of lead-free ferroelectric ceramics made from BaTiO₃ to store energy. An extensive examination was performed on the crystal structure, dielectric properties, and energy storage capacity. The analysis found that the polarization hysteresis loops of BLMT5 ceramics had a significant maximum P_m of around 30 µC/cm³ and a low remanent polarization P_r of around 1.80 µC/cm³. In an electric field of 147 kV/cm, defect dipoles significantly increased the recovered energy density, reaching about 1.55 J/cm³. This also increased energy efficiency by over 91%. Furthermore, the BLMT demonstrates exceptional suitability for thermal stability since its performance remained unaffected at the temperatures under examination. The findings of this research indicate that these materials have great potential as suitable contenders for high-power energy storage applications.