Design of a novel nanosensor based on nanocomposite hydrogel composed of a PVA-poly(aniline-co-pyrrole) conducting copolymer-(PbO-doped NiO)-OXSWCNTs-coated QCM for rapid detection of cd (II) ions

In this research article, we developed a novel hydrogel nanocomposites (NCs) consisting of polyvinyl alcohol-Poly(Aniline-co-Pyrrole)-Lead-Nickel oxide- oxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes hybrid Hydrogel NCs (PVA-P(Ani-co-Py)-PbO-doped NiO-OXSWCNTs-H NCs) as an interpenetrating network structure. The Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) has proliferated as a method for identifying minute quantities of heavy metal ions present in solutions. The NCs that were synthesized underwent a comprehensive analysis of their structure, morphology, and crystallinity using a variety of analytical instruments. The nanosensor capabilities of the PVA-P(Ani-co-Py)-PbO-doped NiO-OXSWCNTs-H NCs were assessed through QCM analysis in order to detect exceedingly minute amounts of Cd(II) ions in aqueous solutions. The characterization results validate the formation of PVA-P(Ani-co-Py)-PbO-doped NiO-OXSWCNTs-H NCs. Based on the results of the BET, there are an average pore size of 2.47 nm, a surface area of 39.38 m²/g, and a micropore volume of 0.046 cc/g. The QCM results indicated that the PVA-P(Ani-co-Py)-PbO-doped NiO-OXSWCNTs-H NCs sensor effectively detected minuscule quantities of Cd(II) ions in aqueous solutions, with concentrations as low as 8.89 × 10⁻¹⁰ M.