Rational design of integrated high-performance flexible zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors based on electroactive biomass regulated graphene oxide

All-in-one zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors constitute an indispensable part in adapting to the rapid development of flexible energy storage equipment. In this work, reduced graphene oxide/tannin (rGO/TA) complexes were used to make the flexible electrodes by vacuum assisted process. Tannin can reduce the agglomeration of reduced graphene oxide while providing additional pseudocapacitance, which leads to a large improvement in the electrochemical performance of the rGO/TA complex. At the same time, Mn²⁺ was added to the electrolyte to improve the energy storage capacity of Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZIHC). According to this reasonable design, the quasi-solid-state ZIHC assembled with an integrated electrode composed of rGO/TA cathode // Zn/EG anode has excellent electrochemical performance (the maximum capacity of 195.6 mAh g⁻¹) and flexibility (the capacity is maintained at 97.3% after 5000 bends). In addition, this reliable method can also be used to manufacture ZIHC with other desired shapes to adapt it to wearable electronic devices. This work conceptually illustrates a methodology for designing and preparing integrated multifunctional wearable devices, and the prepared devices are characterized by compactness, ease of assembly, flexibility, and durability.