Study on the optimization of wave absorption of glass substrate indium tin oxide film composite building materials

Indium tin oxide (ITO) exhibits high transmittance and low resistivity, enabling its combination with a glass substrate to form a transparent ITO-absorbing glass. The absorption performance of absorbing architectural glass is significantly influenced by the thickness of various ITO coatings and glass substrates. Therefore, based on the fundamental principle of electromagnetic absorption and reflection, this study employs orthogonal experiments to analyze the significant effects of two factors: coating thickness d₁ and glass substrate thickness d₂ on absorption. By utilizing the particle swarm optimization algorithm, we have obtained an optimal design scheme for building absorbing glass by solving a given optimization problem. Specifically, in the Ku band (12–18 GHz), the indium tin oxide coating thickness d₁ is 0.15 mm, the glass thickness d₂ is 2.917 mm, and the average reflection loss reaches − 65.67 dB. Finally, based on these optimized values, we have prepared excellent architectural absorbing glass with outstanding performance and characterized its physical properties.