Synthesis and characterization of BaZn_2−xMg_xFe₁₆O₂₇ (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) hexaferrites for high-frequency antenna application

Due to their highly malleable electromagnetic characteristics, W-type hexaferrite BaZn₂Fe₁₆O₂₇ (Zn₂W) shows significant promise as an emerging magnetic material for high-frequency applications. In this study, Mg²⁺ substituted Zn₂W type hexaferrite; BaZn_2−xMg_xFe₁₆O₂₇ (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0) was synthesized via the co-precipitation route. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the formation of pure W-type phase at 1300 °C/4 h sintering. The bulk densities of compositions were between 4.4 and 4.8 g cc⁻¹. FESEM microstructure showed a dense morphology for all the composition except x = 0.5. The highest saturation magnetization (M_s = 70.5 emu g⁻¹) was observed for x = 1.0 composition. The permittivity (ε), permeability (µ), miniaturization factor (n) and characteristic impedance (Z_i) values at 500 MHz were in the range 19.08–50.16, 9.59–11.93, 13.79–23.45 and 0.47–0.74 respectively. Ansys HFSS simulation results showed good antenna characteristics for x = 1.5 composition. Hence, it may be concluded that Mg²⁺ substituted Zn₂W can be useful for ultra-high frequency antenna substrate applications.