Influence of Fe substitution on the Eu-doped lithium borosilicate glass system's physical, thermal, magnetic, and luminescent properties

The quenching melt process was used to create transparent glass samples of the Fe and Eu-co-doped lithium borosilicate glasses. The structure of the glass sample affects the molar volume, optical band gap, and thermal characteristics (glass transitions, softening, and melting temperatures). According to Mössbauer spectroscopy, the Fe²⁺/(Fe²⁺  + Fe³⁺) ratio remains between 0.1 and 0.13, and the valence state of iron ions is not significantly altered with Eu₂O₃ presence. With increasing Eu₂O₃ content, magnetic susceptibility was shown to decrease. Energy levels determined by UV/Vis and NIR spectroscopy, located at 362, 380, 395, 414, 465, 533, 583, 590, 2092, and 2202 nm were assigned to ⁷F₀ → ⁵D₄, ⁷F₀ → ⁵G₂, ⁷F₀ → ⁵L₆, ⁷F₀ → ⁵D₃, ⁷F₀ → ⁵D₂, ⁷F₀ → ⁵D₁, and ⁷F₀ → ⁵D₀ electronic transitions, respectively. Five transition band emission spectra were identified using an excitation wavelength of 395 nm. It was observed that by increasing Fe³⁺, the intensity of the emission peak decreases.