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<p>In the present study, the biological behavior of a novel Zr<sub>47</sub>Cu<sub>40</sub>Al<sub>8</sub>Ag<sub>4</sub>Dy<sub>1</sub> bulk metallic glass (BMG) composition was investigated using human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to evaluate its potential for dental implant applications. DPSCs were successfully isolated and cultured on the BMG surface, where they retained their characteristic fibroblast-like morphology, indicating a non-cytotoxic interaction. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed the mesenchymal stem cell phenotype by assessing marker expression. Cytocompatibility, assessed via MTT assay, against a tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) negative control demonstrated consistently higher cell viability on BMG at 24, 48, and 72&#xa0;h, with all differences statistically significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Surface characterization by profilometry and contact angle measurement revealed a smooth surface (Ra = 0.18 ± 0.03&#xa0;μm) with hydrophilic character (contact angle = 62.4 ± 2.1°), comparable to Ti–6Al–4V, supporting favorable cell–surface interactions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed excellent cell adhesion and spreading on the alloy surface. Alizarin Red staining, supported by semi-quantitative spectrophotometric elution (absorbance at 405&#xa0;nm), confirmed significant osteogenic differentiation with marked calcium deposition. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of ALP (~ 4.8-fold) and OSN (~ 5.0-fold), underscoring the osteoinductive potential of the BMG. Future work including ICP-MS ion release characterization and direct comparison with Ti–6Al–4V is recommended to further substantiate these findings.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Biological evaluation of the novel Zr47Cu40Al8Ag4Dy1 bulk metallic glass using human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs): cytocompatibility, adhesion, and osteoinductive potential for dental implant applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Juhi Verma,
  • Jatin Bhatt

摘要

In the present study, the biological behavior of a novel Zr47Cu40Al8Ag4Dy1 bulk metallic glass (BMG) composition was investigated using human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to evaluate its potential for dental implant applications. DPSCs were successfully isolated and cultured on the BMG surface, where they retained their characteristic fibroblast-like morphology, indicating a non-cytotoxic interaction. Flow cytometric analysis confirmed the mesenchymal stem cell phenotype by assessing marker expression. Cytocompatibility, assessed via MTT assay, against a tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) negative control demonstrated consistently higher cell viability on BMG at 24, 48, and 72 h, with all differences statistically significant (p < 0.05). Surface characterization by profilometry and contact angle measurement revealed a smooth surface (Ra = 0.18 ± 0.03 μm) with hydrophilic character (contact angle = 62.4 ± 2.1°), comparable to Ti–6Al–4V, supporting favorable cell–surface interactions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed excellent cell adhesion and spreading on the alloy surface. Alizarin Red staining, supported by semi-quantitative spectrophotometric elution (absorbance at 405 nm), confirmed significant osteogenic differentiation with marked calcium deposition. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of ALP (~ 4.8-fold) and OSN (~ 5.0-fold), underscoring the osteoinductive potential of the BMG. Future work including ICP-MS ion release characterization and direct comparison with Ti–6Al–4V is recommended to further substantiate these findings.

Graphical Abstract