<p>This review presents a concise overview of recent advancements in geopolymer technology, emphasizing their evolution as high-performing and environmentally friendly substitutes for traditional cementitious materials. The influence of raw material composition (e.g., fly ash, metakaolin, and slag), activator types (acidic and alkaline), preparation methods, and physical curing conditions and chemical properties of geopolymers is critically examined. Special attention is given to emerging functionalities, including photoactivity induced by TiO₂ and rare earth additions, thermoelectric effects for energy harvesting, and enhanced electrical conductivity achieved through carbon-based fillers. These advancements position geopolymers as promising multifunctional materials with applications in smart construction and energy-responsive infrastructure. The review also highlights the superior durability of geopolymers, including chemical resistance, dimensional stability, and microstructural integrity. Their expanding applications ranging from marine structures and structural repair to 3D printing and sustainable pavements underscore their potential to contribute to sustainable construction practices.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>