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<p>The nickel–cobalt–manganese ternary cathodes suffer from severe interfacial and structural instability at low temperatures, hindering their application in high-energy–density lithium-ion batteries. In this work, a 5-nm uniform lithium boron oxide (LBO) coating on LiNi<sub>0.6</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (denoted as NCM) was fabricated via a wet-chemical method. At −20&#xa0;°C and 0.2 C, the LBO-coated NCM retains 84.84% of its initial capacity (132.4 mAh·g<sup>−1</sup>) after 300 cycles, whereas the bare NCM shows only a retention of 54.26%. HRTEM and SEM observations confirm the formation of a uniform coating layer on the particle surface, while elemental mapping and line-scan analysis suggest homogeneous boron distribution and possible near-surface boron incorporation. XPS and electrochemical analyses demonstrate that the LBO layer suppresses structural collapse and oxygen loss, lowers interfacial charge-transfer resistance, and enhances Li⁺ diffusion. Density functional theory calculations further reveal that the LBO coating stabilizes the crystal structure by enhancing oxygen electron localization, electronic conductivity, and TM-O covalency. This work provides an effective surface modification strategy to optimize layered cathodes for reliable performance under harsh low-temperature conditions.</p>

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Lithium boron oxide surface coating enhances the low-temperature performance of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathodes via interfacial and electronic structure regulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Wenjiang Yang,
  • Guang Hu,
  • Tiantian Zhu,
  • Peng Zou,
  • Yuanshuang Wang,
  • Fuxiang Wei,
  • Qingkun Meng,
  • Danyang Zhao,
  • Qing Yin,
  • Jiqiu Qi,
  • Mingjia Zhi,
  • Eugene Chubenko,
  • Vitaly Bondarenko,
  • Hanna Bandarenka,
  • Yanwei Sui,
  • Bin Xiao

摘要

The nickel–cobalt–manganese ternary cathodes suffer from severe interfacial and structural instability at low temperatures, hindering their application in high-energy–density lithium-ion batteries. In this work, a 5-nm uniform lithium boron oxide (LBO) coating on LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (denoted as NCM) was fabricated via a wet-chemical method. At −20 °C and 0.2 C, the LBO-coated NCM retains 84.84% of its initial capacity (132.4 mAh·g−1) after 300 cycles, whereas the bare NCM shows only a retention of 54.26%. HRTEM and SEM observations confirm the formation of a uniform coating layer on the particle surface, while elemental mapping and line-scan analysis suggest homogeneous boron distribution and possible near-surface boron incorporation. XPS and electrochemical analyses demonstrate that the LBO layer suppresses structural collapse and oxygen loss, lowers interfacial charge-transfer resistance, and enhances Li⁺ diffusion. Density functional theory calculations further reveal that the LBO coating stabilizes the crystal structure by enhancing oxygen electron localization, electronic conductivity, and TM-O covalency. This work provides an effective surface modification strategy to optimize layered cathodes for reliable performance under harsh low-temperature conditions.