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<p>As socioeconomic conditions advance, consumers increasingly require real-time and on-site eco-friendly freshness monitoring solutions for food products. Recognizing that spoilage in high-protein foods manifests through characteristic pH shifts, researchers have designed intelligent packaging systems based on natural pigments and macromolecules. This study developed an innovative packaging system by integrating cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) isolated from Saposhnikovia divaricata residues and anthocyanin pigments extracted from grape peel waste into a biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol matrix. The material’s mechanical strength increased from 10.83&#xa0;MPa to 22.63&#xa0;MPa with the incorporation of CNCs, while its thermal stability was simultaneously improved. The natural anthocyanins enabled visual freshness monitoring through pH-responsive color changes (pH 1–13). The antioxidant activity of the films extended shrimp shelf life by 24&#xa0;h at 25&#xa0;°C, as confirmed by TVB-N content, pH changes, and sensory evaluation. Simultaneously, smartphone RGB analysis was employed to monitor the color changes of the intelligent packaging film, providing auxiliary freshness evaluation. This technology exclusively utilizes agricultural waste-derived materials. The truly eco-friendly and sustainable material shows promising applications in real-time freshness monitoring and shelf-life extension of protein-rich foods.</p>

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Bio-based smart packaging: pH-responsive film fabricated from waste biomass materials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • Hejing Wang,
  • Renguo Zhang,
  • Shuqi Wang,
  • Qijun Sun,
  • Runze Dong,
  • Tao Yu,
  • Jiaxing Li,
  • Haochi Liu,
  • Na Niu,
  • Ligang Chen

摘要

As socioeconomic conditions advance, consumers increasingly require real-time and on-site eco-friendly freshness monitoring solutions for food products. Recognizing that spoilage in high-protein foods manifests through characteristic pH shifts, researchers have designed intelligent packaging systems based on natural pigments and macromolecules. This study developed an innovative packaging system by integrating cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) isolated from Saposhnikovia divaricata residues and anthocyanin pigments extracted from grape peel waste into a biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol matrix. The material’s mechanical strength increased from 10.83 MPa to 22.63 MPa with the incorporation of CNCs, while its thermal stability was simultaneously improved. The natural anthocyanins enabled visual freshness monitoring through pH-responsive color changes (pH 1–13). The antioxidant activity of the films extended shrimp shelf life by 24 h at 25 °C, as confirmed by TVB-N content, pH changes, and sensory evaluation. Simultaneously, smartphone RGB analysis was employed to monitor the color changes of the intelligent packaging film, providing auxiliary freshness evaluation. This technology exclusively utilizes agricultural waste-derived materials. The truly eco-friendly and sustainable material shows promising applications in real-time freshness monitoring and shelf-life extension of protein-rich foods.